Ganglion Cell Complex in Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence by SD-OCT Manual Segmentation

Camacho, Pedro; Dutra-Medeiros, Marco; Paris, Liliana P

doi:10.1159/000468965

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings suggest that GCIPL and INL undergo thinning earlier than ONL in the disease process. The current finding of GCIPL and INL thinning in early and intermediate AMD is consistent with previous studies using OCT [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Different theories were proposed to explain the underling mechanism of GCIPL and INL thinning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in volume of various retinal layers over time in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration

Nokrashy

Oakley²,

Dubis

et al. 2018

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate longitudinally volume changes in inner and outer retinal layers in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to healthy control eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods 71 eyes with AMD and 31 control eyes were imaged at two time points: baseline and after 2 years. Automated OCT layer segmentation was performed using Orion TM. This software is able to measure volumes of retinal layers with distinct boundaries including Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL), Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer (GCIPL), Inner Nuclear Layer (INL), Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL), Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL), Photoreceptors (PR) and Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Bruch's Membrane complex (RPE-BM). The mean retinal layer volumes and volume changes at 2 years were compared between groups. Results Mean GCIPL and INL volumes were lower, while PR and RPE-BM volumes were higher in AMD eyes than controls at baseline (all P < 0.05) and year 2 (all P < 0.05). In AMD eyes, RNFL and ONL volumes decreased by 0.0232 (P = 0.033) and 0.0851 (P = 0.001), respectively. In contrast, OPL and RPE-BM volumes increased in AMD eyes by 0.0391 (P = 0.000) and 0.0209 (P = 0.000) respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in longitudinal volume change of OPL (P = 0.02), ONL (P = 0.008) and RPE-BM (P = 0.02) between AMD eyes and controls. Conclusions There were abnormal retinal layer volumes and volume changes in eyes with early and intermediate AMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in volume of various retinal layers over time in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration

Nokrashy

Oakley²,

Dubis

et al. 2018

Eye

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“…The complexity of the vasculature is also reduced in both capillary layers, which suggests loss or reduced flow of vessels at the intermediated AMD stage [99]. Besides alterations in retinal vessels, several other structural changes seem to be present in the inner retina in the early stages of AMD, such as loss of GCL, and inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell complex thickness [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. In fact, a decrease in GCL thickness, in intermediate AMD, seems to be associated with changes in the vasculature supplying the inner retina [99], resulting in ischemia and cell loss.…”

Section: Changes In Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Structure And Funcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia Contribution to the Regulation of the Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Alves

Fernandes

Santiago

et al. 2020

Cells

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The retina is a highly metabolically active tissue with high-level consumption of nutrients and oxygen. This high metabolic demand requires a properly developed and maintained vascular system. The retina is nourished by two systems: the central retinal artery that supplies the inner retina and the choriocapillaris that supplies the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Pathological neovascularization, characterized by endothelial cell proliferation and new vessel formation, is a common hallmark in several retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A limited number of studies have suggested that microglia, the resident immune cells of the retina, have an important role not only in the pathology but also in the formation and physiology of the retinal vascular system. Here, we review the current knowledge on microglial interaction with the retinal vascular system under physiological and pathological conditions. To do so, we first highlight the role of microglial cells in the formation and maintenance of the retinal vasculature system. Thereafter, we discuss the molecular signaling mechanisms through which microglial cells contribute to the alterations in retinal and choroidal vasculatures and to the neovascularization in AMD.

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“…We followed a similar protocol to that of a previous work [33], in which reproducibility and repeatability were demonstrated with the study of a 12-layer manual segmentation of the retina and choroid. According to the international nomenclature for OCT [34], all eyes were analyzed, and the MZ, OS, RBB area, and choroid were segmented and quantified at 12 locations in the horizontal meridian, from the fovea (F0) (Fig.…”

Section: The Process Of Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Retina and Choroidal Thickness in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Reticular Pseudodrusen Findings

Camacho

Dutra-Medeiros

Cabral³

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To evaluate outer retina and choroidal thickness in subjects with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) and to describe associations with the presence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 157 consecutive eyes (specifically: 62 eyes classified as having RPD and 95 eyes with drusen ≥125 µm). Only cases with digital color fundus photographs, red-free, and infrared, obtained and graded according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study to define iAMD, were used for this study. Outer retina and choroidal thickness were manually segmented and quantified at 12 locations in the horizontal meridian. Results: RPD appeared to be associated with thinning of the outer layers even after adjustment forgender and age. The presence of RPD in iAMD decreased with increase of choroidal thickness (total odds ratio [OR] 0.991, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.985-0.996; nasal OR 0.992, 95% CI 0.986-0.997), with increased thickness of the myoid zone of the photoreceptors (total OR 0.812, 95% CI 0.688-0.958; nasal OR 0.863, 95% CI 0.755-0.987) and with increased thickness of the outer segment of the photoreceptors (total OR 0.850, 95% CI 0.731-0.989; nasal OR 0.857, 95% CI 0.736-0.989). Conclusions: The greatest differences between eyes with and without RPD are found at the level of the choroidal thickness and at the level of the photoreceptors.

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Ganglion Cell Complex in Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence by SD-OCT Manual Segmentation

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Changes in volume of various retinal layers over time in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration

Changes in volume of various retinal layers over time in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration

Microglia Contribution to the Regulation of the Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Outer Retina and Choroidal Thickness in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Reticular Pseudodrusen Findings

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