Gangguan Tidur pada Anak dengan Epilepsi dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi

Abstract

Latar belakang. Gangguan tidur merupakan salah satu komorbid yang sering dijumpai pada anak dengan epilepsi. Sampai saat ini data mengenai hal tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor yang memengaruhi gangguan tidur pada anak dengan epilepsi. Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang pada anak usia 3-18 tahun, yang telah didiagnosis epilepsi minimal 6 bulan. Pasien dengan palsi serebral, diabetes melitus, penyakit jantung, asma, hipertrofi adenotonsil dan anak dengan epilepsi yang telah bebas kejang lebih dari satu tahun dieksklusi dari penelitian. Subyek dipilih secara konsekutif selama periode November 2016 -Maret 2017 di Poliklinik Neurologi Anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Gangguan tidur dinilai dengan kuesioner sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). Hasil. Di antara 93 subyek, 63 (67,7%) mengalami gangguan tidur, terbanyak (63,2%) adalah gangguan memulai dan mempertahankan tidur. Tipe kejang umum, onset epilepsi kurang dari 3 tahun, monoterapi dan obat anti epilepsi fenobarbital paling sering mengalami gangguan tidur. Akan tetapi, hanya tipe kejang umum yang berhubungan dengan gangguan tidur (OR 5,2, IK95% 1,96, p=0,016). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak dengan epilepsi sangat tinggi, terbanyak gangguan memulai dan mempertahankan tidur dan berhubungan dengan tipe kejang umum. Sari Pediatri 2017;19(1):7-13 Kata kunci: gangguan tidur, anak, epilepsi, SDSC Sleep Disorder and Associated Factors in Children with EpilepsyRiona Sari, Agung Triono, Retno Sutomo Background. Sleep disorder has been associated with chidhood epilepsy. However, there is limited study about this comorbidity. Objective. To investigate prevalence and factors ascociated with sleep disorder in children with epilepsy. Methods. We conducted a cross sectional analytical study in children aged 3 through 18 years old who has been diagnosed as having epilepsy for at least 6 month. Subjects with cerebral palsy, diabetes mellitus, asthma, heart problem and those who had no seizure for more than one year without anti-epileptic drug were excluded from this study. The subjects were recruited consecutively during period of November 2016 to March 2017 at pediatric outpatient clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital. The sleep disorder was evaluated using sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) questionnaires. Results. Among 93 subjects, 63(67,7%) had sleep disorder, mostly (63,2%) the disturbance to intiate and maintain sleep. Sleep disorder was more prevalent in general seizure, onset epilepsy less than 3 years, those who received monotheraphy and phenobarbital. Nevertheless, only general seizure is significantly associated with the sleep disorder (OR 5,2, 95% CI 1,96, p=0,016). Conclusion. Sleep disorder is high prevalence in children with epilepsy, mostly difficulty of initiating and maintaining sleep and it is associated with the type of general seizure. Sari Pediatri 2017;19(1):7-13