Gammar linolenic acid—occurrence and physical and chemical properties

Gunstone, Frank D.

doi:10.1016/0163-7827(92)90007-6

Cited by 151 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Total phenolic content in three extracts of borage flowers determined by Aliakbarlu and Tajik [2012] [Muuse et al 1988, Gunstone 1992, del Río et al 1993, de HaroBailón and del Río 1998, Zadernowski et al 1999, de Haro et al 2004, Borowy et al 2016. Unsaturated fatty acids made 60% [Król 2010] while γ-linolenic acid 8.7-30% of this oil, respectively [del Río et al 1993, Berti et al 1998, Zadernowski et al 1999, Berti et al 2002, El Hafid et al 2002, Mhamdi et al 2009, Borowy et al 2016].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

Borowy¹,

Chwil²,

Kapłan³

2017

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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Recently the interest in borage as a vegetable and medicinal plant has increased, yet the knowledge about a content of biologically active compounds in borage grown in Poland remains very scanty. In the experiment carried out in the south-eastern part of the country, fresh borage flowers and leaves contained 0.02% and 0.12% of lipids with the highest level of palmitic acid, i.e. 44.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Flower lipids contained stearic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, linolelaidic, arachidonic, myristic and lauric acid as well. Besides, leaf lipids were rich in α-linolenic acid (17.7%), less in palmitoleic acid with absence of arachidonic acid. Leaves were found to have 0.16% of essential oil, 1.0% of flavonoids, 9.2 mg vitamin C·100 g f.w.-1 , 1.9 mg carotenoids·100 g f.w.-1 , 0.77 mg chlorophyll a·1 g f.w.-1 and 0.22 mg chlorophyll b·1 g f.w. -1 . Flowers contained more essential oil and vitamin C while less carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b and flavonoids. 45 components were found in the flower essential oil and among them 16 were identified with cumene (62.9%) as a major one. The content of other components was below 3%. As for the leaf essential oil, 18 compounds were detected, and 5 were identified with the highest level of cumene (58.5%) and hexenyl (13.3%). Generally, flowers had more polyphenols and their ferric reducing ability was higher than that of leaves. Besides, a content of remaining unreduced DPPH radical was higher in the flowers. Notably, the time necessary for 50% reduction of the initial concentration of DPPH radical was 2.5 times longer in flowers, whereas their antiradical efficiency 3 fold lower compared to leaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

Borowy¹,

Chwil²,

Kapłan³

2017

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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“…However, the productivity of GLA from the seed oil is extremely low, since both a long period and a huge area for harvesting seed are required (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of gamma-linolenic acid production by the fungus Mucor sp LB-54 by growth temperature

1999

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As a relatively prolific producer of GLA, the strain of Mucor sp LB-54 was selected for a study at different growth temperatures in shaker flask culture. The strain used in our experiment was capable to accumulate a relatively high amount of intracellular lipid, 20.73 % of dry cell weight, and GLA content of 15 % of total fatty acids after 5 days of incubation at 28°C. As the growth temperature was decreased from 28 to 12°C the percentage of GLA increased from 15 to 24 % of total fatty acids. In order to optimize the culture conditions for rapid biomass production and lipid production with a high proportion of GLA, the fungus was grown at two temperature combinations associated supplies of carbon source (glucose) in the culture medium. Maximal production of GLA (74 mg/l) was obtained from the Mucor sp LB-54 strain after 5 days of incubation at 28°C in basal medium following glucose addition (7 % w/v) and incubation for an additional 3 days at 12°C. The identity of GLA found in the strain of Mucor sp LB-54 was confirmed by the coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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“…In the plant kingdom, GLA is an uncommon fatty acid (3). Only a small number of higher plant species synthesize GLA, and in many of these, the fatty acid is found exclusively in the seed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of a borage desaturase cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b ₅ domain results in the accumulation of high levels of Δ ⁶ -desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco

Sayanova

Lapinskas

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

261

225

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ABSTRACT␥-Linolenic acid (GLA; C18:3 ⌬ 6,9,12 ) is a component of the seed oils of evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), and some other plants. It is widely used as a dietary supplement and for treatment of various medical conditions. GLA is synthesized by a ⌬ 6 -fatty acid desaturase using linoleic acid (C18:2 ⌬ 9,12 ) as a substrate. To enable the production of GLA in conventional oilseeds, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the ⌬ 6 -fatty acid desaturase from developing seeds of borage and confirmed its function by expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Analysis of leaf lipids from a transformed plant demonstrated the accumulation of GLA and octadecatetraenoic acid (C18:4 ⌬ 6,9,12,15 ) to levels of 13.2% and 9.6% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The borage ⌬ 6 -fatty acid desaturase differs from other desaturase enzymes, characterized from higher plants previously, by the presence of an N-terminal domain related to cytochrome b 5 .

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Gammar linolenic acid—occurrence and physical and chemical properties

Cited by 151 publications

References 56 publications

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

Enhancement of gamma-linolenic acid production by the fungus Mucor sp LB-54 by growth temperature

Expression of a borage desaturase cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b ₅ domain results in the accumulation of high levels of Δ ⁶ -desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco

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Gammar linolenic acid—occurrence and physical and chemical properties

Cited by 151 publications

References 56 publications

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

Enhancement of gamma-linolenic acid production by the fungus Mucor sp LB-54 by growth temperature

Expression of a borage desaturase cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b 5 domain results in the accumulation of high levels of Δ 6 -desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco

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Expression of a borage desaturase cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b ₅ domain results in the accumulation of high levels of Δ ⁶ -desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco