Gammaherpesvirus Infections in Cattle in Europe

Rosato, Giuliana; Subira, Andres Ruiz; Al-Saadi, Mohammed; Michalopoulou, Eleni; Verin, Ranieri; Dettwiler, Martina; Nordgren, Heli; Chiers, Koen; Groβmann, Ernst; Köhler, Kernt; Suntz, Michael; Stewart, James P.; Kipar, Anja

doi:10.3390/v13122337

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, tissue samples that had been collected from lung, kidney, and lesioned skin during autopsy were subjected to a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for gammaherpesviruses (OvHV2, OvHV1, CpHV2, BoHV6) as described previously. 15,16 We found infection with OvHV2 and very high viral copy numbers in all tested organs (skin: 37,091/100 ng DNA; kidney: 55,961/100 ng DNA; lung: 207,312/100 ng DNA), but did not detect any other gammaherpesvirus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme

Makoni,

Gerspach,

Fischer

et al. 2024

J VET Diagn Invest

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV2; Orthoherpesviridae, Macavirus ovinegamma2), has sheep as natural hosts. OvHV2 is an important macavirus globally that induces fatal disease in dead-end hosts. Goats, which can be infected subclinically with OvHV2, rarely develop MCF. A 28-wk-old female goat was presented with fever and multifocal crusty skin lesions. Histologic examination of a skin biopsy suggested erythema multiforme (EM), with pyoderma and dermal vasculitis. The doe was euthanized and subjected to postmortem and histologic examination. MCF was suspected and PCR assays for macaviruses were performed, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for OvHV2 latency-associated nuclear antigen (oLANA), RNA in situ hybridization for Ov2.5 mRNA, and IHC to characterize infiltrating leukocytes. The main postmortem finding was severe multifocal ulcerative dermatitis with macrophage- and T cell–mediated arteritis. The latter was also detected in kidney, spleen, heart, and intestinal wall. The PCR assay detected high loads of OvHV2 in tissues. OvHV2 oLANA and Ov2.5 mRNA were expressed within the lesions in leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and/or keratinocytes. Our case confirms that MCF can initially manifest clinically as a skin disease in goats and as EM with confirmed viral etiology.

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confidence: 71%

Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme

Makoni,

Gerspach,

Fischer

et al. 2024

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Furthermore, BoGHV6 was associated with lymphoproliferative diseases in buffaloes (Oliveira et al, 2015) and in a cow with pulmonary disease (Headley et al, 2023b) from Brazil. Alternatively, there was no association of BoGHV6 with any disease process in cows from the USA (Collins et al, 2000), in cattle from several European countries (Rosato et al, 2021), as well as from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Oliveira et al, 2015).…”

Section: Bovinementioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular identification of bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with histological evidence of pulmonary and intestinal lesions

Castro,

Dall Agnol,

Tavares

et al. 2023

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), formerly known as bovine lymphotropic virus, belongs to the genus Macavirus, which includes the porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV) and members collectively referred to as malignant catarrhal fever virus (MVFV) group. This study investigated the possible participation of BoGHV6 in the development of intestinal and pulmonary diseases of buffaloes. Intestinal and pulmonary fragments were obtained from 19 buffaloes from Goiás, Central-western Brazil. Histopathology revealed interstitial pneumonia in all pulmonary fragments evaluated, while two of these had suppurative bronchopneumonia. Furthermore, all intestinal fragments demonstrated atrophic enteritis. BoGHV6 DNA was amplified from 31.6% (6/19) of the buffaloes with interstitial pneumonia and in 26.3% (5/19) with atrophic enteritis. The phylogenetic evaluation revealed that the strain of BoGHV6 amplified from these buffaloes had 100% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with the reference strains of BoGHV6, but only 69.5 to 73.7% and 65.8 – 69.5% nt sequence identity with members of the MCFV and the PLHV, respectively. Additionally, molecular assays to detect important pathogens of ruminants did not amplify the respective nucleic acids in the tissues evaluated. These results demonstrated that BoGHV6 was amplified from tissues of buffaloes with histopathologic diagnoses of interstitial pneumonia and atrophic enteritis, suggesting the possible participation of this virus in the development of the intestinal and pulmonary lesions herein identified.

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“…Experimental studies have confirmed that infections by OvGHV2 in susceptible hosts may occur due to the direct contact with the nasal secretions of asymptomatic sheep [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], demonstrating that this is most the important epidemiological form of transmission. Nevertheless, transplacental infection of OvGHV2 was confirmed between an infected cow and a fetus [ 15 ], and infection via artificial insemination was suspected on a commercial pig farm [ 16 ], while OvGHV2 was identified in fetal tissues of cattle [ 17 , 18 ] and in the male reproductive system of sheep [ 19 ]. Collectively, these findings suggest the occurrence of vertical infection due to OvGHV2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical Ovine Gammaherpesvirus 2-Related Infections in Free-Ranging Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Brazil

Headley,

Fritzen,

Silva

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), is a Macavirus and the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), in which sheep are the asymptomatic reservoir hosts. Susceptible mammalian populations infected by OvGHV2 may develop clinical SA-MCF or subclinical infections. All members of the Macavirus genus known to be associated with MCF are collectively referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex. This report describes the occurrence of subclinical OvGHV2-related infections in free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Brazil. Specific body organs (n = 14) and biological samples (nasal and oral swabs; n = 17) were collected from 24 asymptomatic wild boars from a conservation unit located within the Central-eastern mesoregion of Paraná State. Organs were processed to observe histopathological patterns suggestive of diseases of domestic animals; only pulmonary samples were used in an immunohistochemical assay designed to detect MCFV tissue antigens. Furthermore, all samples were submitted to molecular assays designed to detect the OvGHV2 tegument protein gene. Viral-induced pneumonia was diagnosed in two wild boars; one of these contained OvGHV2 DNA, with MCFV antigens identified in the other. Additionally, MCFV tissue antigens were detected within pulmonary epithelial cells of the lungs with and without pulmonary disease. Collectively, OvGHV2 was detected in 37.5% (9/24) of all wild boars, with detection occurring in the organs of 57.1% (8/14) wild boars and the oral cavity of one animal. These results demonstrated that these wild boars were subclinically infected by OvGHV2, and that infection produced typical pulmonary alterations. In addition, the detection of OvGHV2 within the oral cavity of one wild boar may suggest that this animal may be a potential disseminator of this pathogen to susceptible animal populations, including livestock and wildlife, acting as a possible bridge host for OvGHV2. Furthermore, infection by OvGHV2 probably occurred due to incidental contact with asymptomatic sheep maintained within the surrounding rural areas and not within the conservation units.

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Gammaherpesvirus Infections in Cattle in Europe

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme

Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme

Molecular identification of bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with histological evidence of pulmonary and intestinal lesions

Subclinical Ovine Gammaherpesvirus 2-Related Infections in Free-Ranging Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Brazil

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