Gamma-ray tomography applied to hydro-carbon multi-phase sampling and slip measurements

Monte Carlo modelling of gamma-ray stopping efficiencies of Geiger–Müller counters

“…There is an increasing demand on improved measurement efficiency and accuracy at the same time as the trend is to use subsea installations. As a response to the demands within the offshore oil and gas industry, research on the SOFA concept was initiated by Christian Michelsen Research AS in cooperation with the University of Bergen in 2003 [10][11][12][13]. The work presented in this thesis and papers 1-5 focused on one of the key measurement challenges in conjunction with the SOFA concept, i.e.…”

“…the representative sampling problem, are not treated in this work. Nevertheless, the interested reader is referred to [10][11][12] for a thorough discussion of the subject. Samples are taken from the process line through a pitot tube (to the right).…”

“…A sample from the multiphase flow is taken through a pitot tube introduced into the main process line. A more detailed description of the concept can be found in [10][11][12]. As soon as the fluid sample is transferred into the measurement chamber, both inlet and outlet valves are closed.…”

Measurement of void fraction in dispersed bubbly flow containing micro-bubbles with the constant electric current method

“…α is the volumetric void fraction because the total volume of dispersed bubbles 4/3πR 1 3 is divided by the volume of the sphere included dispersed bubbles 4/3π 3 R 0…”

“…It is one of the very important physical values and key parameters in two-phase flow for designs and performance evaluations of devices. Numerous measurement techniques of the void fraction have been developed, such as quick shut valve methods, image processing methods, X-ray CT scan methods, neutron radiography methods, gamma-ray method, NMR and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. They are used to measure void fraction in two-phase flow.…”