Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and transmission thickness of high consistency heavyweight concrete containing mineral admixture

Gökçe, Haşan; Öztürk, Buket Canbaz; Cam, Nithavong; Andiç‐Çakır, Özge

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.05.015

Cited by 132 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A comparison of the measured mass attenuation coefficient values for different kinds of samples at the same energy measured in different countries is shown in Table 5. Comparing the attenuation coefficients for different types of samples at photon energies of 1173 and 1332 keV indicates some difference from the values measured in our study; however, at 662 keV, the difference is much smaller and is in broad agreement with the data of Gökçe et al [47] in Turkey, Alam et al [23] in Bangladesh and Obaid et al [27] in India.…”

Section: Mass Attenuation Coefficientsupporting

confidence: 83%

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

et al. 2019

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The main goal of this work is to find natural rock materials that can be used as effective gamma rays shielding at minimal cost, reliability and wide applications. It must be at particular weight and volume (lighter and more protection). Natural bentonite clay can be used as shelters from nuclear waste because of its large availability and low cost. Bentonite clay was used in two forms naturally as it is from its ores and in ground phase. Natural bentonite was cut into cylindrical pellets at different thicknesses; also, the other form pressed into cylindrical pellets with different thicknesses and different pressing pressures (50, 100 and 150 bar). The different samples are coated with polyvinyl alcohol polymer to prevent nuclear waste leakage through porosity of clay. Chemical analysis and density are measured for all samples. Bentonite clay was found naturally in nanometer scale because it is formed from volcanic ash deposits. The nanoparticle size was determined by dynamic light scattering and Williamson-Hall size analysis using XRD patterns and the help of X-powder program. The particle size of natural bentonite was found to be 59.79 nm. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients of nano-structured bentonite clay (natural and pressed) were determined at 662 keV energy of 137 Cs; at 1173 and 1332 keV energies of 60 Co, gamma ray sources were determined by using NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental results showed that the ground bentonite pressed at 150 bar gave the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients than other samples. The theoretical and the experimental calculations of mass attenuation coefficient were found to be in a good agreement.

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Section: Mass Attenuation Coefficientsupporting

confidence: 83%

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

et al. 2019

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“… 11 The levels of various reactive species are dramatically increased upon HgCl 2 exposure. 12 Although it is broadly sulfhydryl reactive, yet signaling cascade implicated in mediating HgCl 2 -induced liver injury is not fully investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E and Lactobacillus Provide Protective Effects Against Liver Injury Induced by HgCl₂: Role of CHOP, GPR87, and mTOR Proteins

et al. 2021

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Background and Objective: Mercury is one of the most harmful heavy metals and its toxicity causes severe multi-organ dysfunction. This study was designed to explore novel molecular pathways involved in the hepatoprotective effect of vitamin E (Vit-E) and Lactobacillius plantarum (Lac-B) against mercury toxicity.[Formula: see text] Method: Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of high dose of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in male rats, Vit-E or/and Lac-B were given along with HgCl2 for 2 weeks. The effects of those antioxidants were studied focusing on their anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory eficacies. Histopathological examinations were also conducted. Results: The administration of HgCl2 induced liver injury which manifested by elevation in serum ALT and AST. Liver MDA, caspase-3 and TNF-α levels were markedly increased; whereas, GSH level and SOD activity were declined. HgCl2 significantly elevated the expressions of hepatic CHOP, GPR87, NF-κB and mTOR. Histopathological examination revealed massive hepatocyte degeneration following HgCl2 administration. Treatment with Vit-E or/and Lac-B restored the normal levels of the previously mentioned parameters, as well as improved hepatic architecture. Conclusion: Vit-E and Lac-B provided protective effect against HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and downregulation of CHOP, GPR87, NF-κB and mTOR proteins’ expressions.

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“…Cracks and microcracks might significantly increase the permeability of gases and liquids [ 9 ]. Laboratory tests on concrete without flaws provide solid evidence of the relationship between concrete density and linear gamma attenuation coefficients, density and mean free path, and density and half- or tenth-value layers of heavyweight concrete (e.g., [ 10 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formwork Pressure of a Heavyweight Self-Compacting Concrete Mix

2021

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High-fluidity and self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes were developed using special aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete. The special aggregates comprised heavyweight and hydrous aggregates (crushed magnetite, crushed serpentine, and their mixtures), which were selected to provide an enhanced attenuation of gamma and neutron radiation, respectively. For the mixed concrete design with a bulk density of up to 3570 kg/m3, two cement types were used: Portland cement CEM I and slag cement CEM III/A. The basic properties of the fresh self-compacting concrete were evaluated and the lateral formwork pressure exerted by the freshly mixed self-compacting concrete was measured and analyzed. An original test setup was developed for the determination of the lateral pressure on the square column formwork with pressure measurements carried out using six strain gauge pressure transducers, which was adequate for heavyweight concrete mixture testing. Self-compacting concrete mixtures containing a magnetite aggregate or blends of serpentine and magnetite aggregates with a slump flow of at least 550 mm were developed. The lateral pressure on the formwork was directly proportional to the density of the self-compacting heavyweight concrete mixes. The maximum values of the lateral pressure recorded in the test at a casting speed of 1.5 m/h did not exceed 27 kPa and 55% of hydrostatic pressure. Concrete mixtures with basalt, magnetite, and magnetite/serpentine blended aggregates were found to develop sufficient shear strength for proper stability during casting.

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Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and transmission thickness of high consistency heavyweight concrete containing mineral admixture

Cited by 132 publications

References 38 publications

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

Vitamin E and Lactobacillus Provide Protective Effects Against Liver Injury Induced by HgCl₂: Role of CHOP, GPR87, and mTOR Proteins

Formwork Pressure of a Heavyweight Self-Compacting Concrete Mix

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Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and transmission thickness of high consistency heavyweight concrete containing mineral admixture

Cited by 132 publications

References 38 publications

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation

Vitamin E and Lactobacillus Provide Protective Effects Against Liver Injury Induced by HgCl2: Role of CHOP, GPR87, and mTOR Proteins

Formwork Pressure of a Heavyweight Self-Compacting Concrete Mix

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Vitamin E and Lactobacillus Provide Protective Effects Against Liver Injury Induced by HgCl₂: Role of CHOP, GPR87, and mTOR Proteins