Gamma radiation as a green method to enhance the dielectric behaviour, magnetization, antibacterial activity and dye removal capacity of Co–Fe LDH nanosheets

Abstract

Nowadays, improving the physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials to enhance their performance towards various applications is urgent. Accordingly, gamma irradiation (GI) has evolved and attracted wide attention as a promising green technique to meet this need. In the current study, a Co-Fe LDH was used as a model 2D nanomaterial and was irradiated by GI (dose ¼ 100 kGy). The sample was characterized via XRD, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that after irradiation, the surface area of the sample increased from 83 to 89 m 2 g À1 . Moreover, irradiation increased its dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity. In addition, the sample showed superparamagnetic behavior, where its saturation magnetization increased from 1.28 to 52.04 emu g À1 after irradiation. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the irradiated LDH towards malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) as model wastewater pollutants was also studied. The exposure of LDH to GI enhanced its adsorption capacity for MG from 44.73 to 54.43 mg g À1 . The Langmuir-Freundlich, Sips, and Baudu models were well suited for both MG and MB adsorption among the six fitted isotherm models. The pseudo-first and second order models fit the adsorption kinetics better than the intraparticle diffusion model for both dyes. The interaction of MB and MG with the LDH surface was further investigated in dry and aqueous solution using Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. These two techniques provided insight into the adsorption mechanism, which is vital to understand the adsorption process by the LDH nanosheets and their possible use in practical applications. Moreover, the Co-Fe LDH showed good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Furthermore, due to its magnetic property, the Co-Fe LDH could be simply recovered from water by magnetic separation at a low magnetic field after the adsorption process.

Antifungal and antibacterial investigation of quinary Zr Al Fe Co Ni layered double hydroxide and its Al Fe Co Ni quaternary and Fe Co Ni tertiary roots

“…The peaks at 3425 cm −1 can be ascribed to the OH stretching vibration and bending, respectively. 32 …”

Modification of the crystallographic parameters in a biomaterial employing a series of gamma radiation doses

“…The crystallinity index can also be calculated from the area of a specific region such as the 900-1200 cm −1 wavenumber range which is widely known as the spectrum/peak due to the This journal is © Royal Society of Chemistry and IChemE 2022 v 1 and v 3 normal vibrational modes. To estimate CI area-1060 using this technique, a baseline range was selected from 900 to 1200 cm −1 wavenumbers and presented as eqn (19).…”

“…A 1060 A 900-1200 (19) where A 1060 and A 900-1200 denote the areas of the mentioned peak and region, respectively. Another area near 603 cm −1 was selected to compute the crystallinity index area-603 ) measuring the total area (A 1 ) and the splitting area (A 2 ) for the phosphate group, and mathematically presented as eqn (20).…”

“…It is well known that gamma radiation interacts with matter in three different ways which are pair production, Compton scattering, and photoelectric effect. 15 The controlled use of gamma radiation is flourishing day by day in various types of research such as cancer treatment, 16 cross-linking agents, 17,18 synthesis tools as a green method, 19 etc. This high-energy gamma radiation has not yet been reported to modify the crystallographic parameters.…”

Antimicrobial properties of promising Zn–Fe based layered double hydroxides for the disinfection of real dairy wastewater effluents

“…The prepared LDH showed high removal percent for heavy metals in wastewater along with excellent antimicrobial behavior. Amin et al prepared Gamma irradiated CoFe LDH and reported good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains along with high removal of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) dyes 27 . Zaher et al reported the promising antibacterial properties and oxytetracycline hydrochloride removal capacities of ZnFe LDH nano-adsorbent 28 .…”