Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes

Sergeant, Susan; Rahbar, Elaheh; Chilton, Floyd H.

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.020

Cited by 201 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In experiments with strain R. babjevae DBVPG 8058 and other oleaginous yeasts, we found that the ability of R. babjevae DBVPG 8058 to form γ-linolenic acid was quite unique for this strain (unpublished results). γ-linolenic acid is used as dietary food supplement and might influence inflammatory responses (Sergeant et al 2016), and thus, the ability of this strain to produce γ-linolenic acid is of interest for potential biotechnological applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction

Brandenburg

Poppele

Blomqvist

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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This study investigates biofuel production from wheat straw hydrolysate, from which furfural was extracted using a patented method developed at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry. The solid remainder after furfural extraction, corresponding to 67.6% of the wheat straw dry matter, contained 69.9% cellulose of which 4% was decomposed during the furfural extraction and 26.3% lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis released 44% of the glucose monomers in the cellulose. The resulting hydrolysate contained mainly glucose and very little amount of acetic acid. Xylose was not detectable. Consequently, the undiluted hydrolysate did not inhibit growth of yeast strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Rhodotorula babjevae. In the fermentations, average final ethanol concentrations of 23.85 g/l were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 0.53 g ethanol per g released glucose. L. starkeyi generated lipids with a rate of 0.08 g/h and a yield of 0.09 g per g consumed glucose. R. babjevae produced lipids with a rate of 0.18 g/h and a yield of 0.17 per g consumed glucose. In both yeasts, desaturation increased during cultivation. Remarkably, the R. babjevae strain used in this study produced considerable amounts of heptadecenoic, α,- and γ-linolenic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction

Brandenburg

Poppele

Blomqvist

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…COX converts DGLA to series 1 prostaglandins (PGD 1 , PGE 1 ) and TXA 1 [23, 24], which inhibit platelet function in vitro and in vivo [25]. These DGLA-derived COX prostanoids exerted their anti-platelet action by activating the Gα s -coupled GPCRs, prostaglandin (EP 2 and EP 4 ) or IP receptors.…”

Section: Cox-derived Metabolites and Their Regulatory Roles On Platelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expansive role of oxylipins on platelet biology

2017

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In mammals, three major oxygenases, cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cyto-chrome P450 (CYP450), generate an assortment of unique lipid mediators (oxylipins) from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which exhibit pro- or anti-thrombotic activity. Over the years, novel oxylipins generated from the interplay of theoxygenase activity in various cells, such as the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), have been identified and investigated in inflammatory disease models. Although platelets have been implicated in inflammation, the role and mechanism of these SPMs produced from immune cells on platelet function are still unclear. This review highlights the burgeoning classes of oxylipins that have been found to regulate platelet function; however, their mechanism of action still remains to be elucidated.

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“…Surprisingly, three PUFAs of AA biosynthesis effectively suppressed the Ptt multiplication in S. exigua : Two n‐ 6 PUFAs of linoleic acid (∆ 9,12 ‐C18:2 n‐ 6) and GLA (∆ 6,9,12 ‐C18:3 n‐ 6), and an n‐ 3 PUFA DGLA (∆ 9,12,15 ‐C20:3 n‐ 3). Based on vertebrate PUFA biosynthetic pathways, the two n‐ 6 PUFAs are precursors of AA biosynthesis (Sergeant, Rahbar, & Chilton, ), which also holds the elongation/desaturation pathways in insects (Stanley‐Samuelson, Jurenka, Cripps, Blomquist, & de Renobales, ). This suggests that AA may be biosynthesized in S. exigua from C18:2 n‐ 6 through consecutive catalytic steps of a ∆6 desaturase step, an elongase, and a ∆5 desaturase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosanoid mediation of immune responses at early bacterial infection stage and its inhibition by Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata, an entomopathogenic bacterium

Kim

Choi

Jung

et al. 2018

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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An entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata (Ptt) infects insect hemocoel by the vectoring activity of its symbiotic nematode, Heterorhabditis megidis. The bacterium induces host immunosuppression by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. This study investigated the role of eicosanoids in immune responses of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, in the early bacterial infection stage (first 3 hr postinfection [PI]). After infection with the nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (Ec), the bacterium maintained its population for the first 3 hr PI, then rapidly decreased in numbers. During the 3 hr PI of Ptt, this pathogenic bacterium also did not show any significant change in bacterial population. However, Ptt rapidly increased its population size after the initial lag phase, inducing fatal septicemia. This study further analyzed cellular and humoral immune responses of the beet armyworm during the initial 3 hr PI. During this early stage, challenge with Ec stimulated hemocyte-spreading behavior along with extensive F-actin growth. However, Ptt infection suppressed hemocyte spreading. Expression levels of three antimicrobial peptides (lysozyme, gloverin, and gallerimycin) were significantly inhibited during Ptt infection. Phospholipase A activity was significantly induced during the early infection stage of Ec, but not during Ptt infection. Addition of eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors significantly reversed the initial immunosuppression. These results suggest that, during the early infection stage, Ptt can shutdown eicosanoid biosynthesis which can prevent acute immune responses of host insects.

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Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes

Cited by 201 publications

References 118 publications

Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction

Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction

The expansive role of oxylipins on platelet biology

Eicosanoid mediation of immune responses at early bacterial infection stage and its inhibition by Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata, an entomopathogenic bacterium

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