Gamma irradiation resistance of early age Ba(OH)2-Na2SO4-slag cementitious grouts

Recent progress in low-carbon binders

“…There have been important recent investigations of the potential for compatibility of AAM matrices with complex waste streams containing multiple radioisotopes [265,266], with oily wastes [267,268], with ion exchange media [269,270], and with graphitic or metallic wastes [271][272][273]. AAM matrices have also been demonstrated to show generally good stability under irradiation [274][275][276], and a hydrogen radiolytic yield that depends on water content and pore structure [274].…”

Alkali aluminosilicate geopolymers as binders to encapsulate strontium-selective titanate ion-exchangers

“…There are numerous different cement systems that have been implemented or proposed to be used as waste forms, including Portland cement and its blends, 11 calcium aluminate cement and its modifications with sulfate or phosphate, 12,13 magnesium silicate or phosphate cement, 14,15 as well as various types of alkali-activated cements. [16][17][18] In choosing a suitable cement system for encapsulation of spent ion-exchangers, there are two important aspects to consider: firstly, the interactions between the ion-exchangers and the cement binder (chemical and dimensional stability); secondly, the partition (or redistribution) of radioelements between the spent ion-exchangers and the cement binder itself. A lower extent of interaction between the cement binder and the spent ion-exchangers would be preferred.…”

“…21 The other phases do not show such a high capacity/affinity to take up free Sr 2+ from an aqueous phase. 18,22,23 Also, in these high-Ca cement systems, the free Ca 2+ in the pore solution might exchange with the Sr in the spent ion-exchanger, 24 and thus release Sr 2+ to the cement water. 24 For this reason, it is desirable to seek cements that are not based on calcium, and so are less likely to cause strontium release from the encapsulated ionexchanger.…”

Early Age Hardening of Concrete with Heavy Aggregate in Gamma Radiation Source – Impact on the Modulus of Elasticity and Microstructural Features

“…A smaller absorbed gamma dose could be considered insignificant for the mechanical properties of hardened concrete. However, for early hardening concrete the influence of gamma irradiation can be substantial as it was demonstrated by Mobasher et al (2017), Craeye et al (2009). Early age exposure of concrete to gamma irradiation is of interest for construction of intermediate level radioactive waste storage containments or for accelerated processing of concrete at precast plants.…”