Gamma irradiation of pharmaceutical compounds, nitroimidazoles, as a new alternative for water treatment

This study reports the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by means of ionizing radiations. Kinetic studies with aqueous concentrations of 4.6, 10, 15, 17.9 mg/L reveals that degradation of CIP follows pseudo-first order kinetics and the decay constant increased with decrease in initial concentration of CIP. The removal efficiency, represented by G-value, decreased with increasing absorbed dose and increased with higher [CIP] 0 concentration at a given absorbed dose. The effects of bubbling CIP solution with N 2 , N 2 O or air on CIP degradation were also studied. The influence of various radical scavengers like tert-butanol, isopropanol, HCO 3 -, CO 3 2-, NO 3 -and NO 2 -as radical scavengers in N 2 -saturated solutions of CIP indicated that • OH were more closely associated with the radiolytic decomposition of CIP than other radicals, such as e -aq or • H. The pH value of aqueous media played a crucial role in the degradation of CIP. It was observed that degradation efficiency was higher under acidic condition compared to degradation in natural or alkaline media. F -, CH 3 COO -and HCOO -were formed as a result of CIP degradation that were analyzed by ion-chromatography.

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“…(16)). This results in decrease of • OH concentration, and thus the degradation efficiency of CIP decreased at higher pH values [23].…”

Section: Effect Of Solution Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl Radical Based Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Solution

Sayed

Shah

Khan

et al. 2016

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…The radicals formed as a byproducts of tert-BuOH reaction with • OH and • H radicals are assumed to be inert [22].…”

Section: Reaction Of CV Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Crystal Violet Dye From Aqueous Solution by Gamma Irradiation

Rehman

Sayed

Khan

et al. 2017

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In this study the radiation-induced degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under various experimental conditions has been investigated. D 0.5 , D 0.9 and D 0.99 values suggests that lower doses are required for 50%, 90% and 99% removal of CV dye when the sample solution contains excessive amount of• OH radicals. The removal efficiency of CV dye in terms of G-values was also calculated under each reaction conditions. The results showed that• OH radicals are playing effective role in the degradation of CV dye as compared to e aq -and • H radicals. The gamma irradiation process effectively degraded CV dye at all pH values. The organic byproducts were examined and accordingly degradation pathway was proposed.

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“…Sanchez et al found that grey water, waste produced from hotel wastes, where the reuse was capable of obtaining 65% dissolved organic removal after 150 min by the application of photocatalysis over titanium dioxide. Specific constituents include ionic surfactants from personal care products and laundry detergents [99]. Zho and Zhu compared the treatment efficiency of various advanced oxidation processes (UV/O 3 , UV/TiO 2 , and UV/TiO 2 /O 3 ) using laboratory scale recirculation ozonation photocatlytic system.…”

Section: Reusementioning

confidence: 99%