Gamma irradiation induced multiple chromosome interchanges in Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae): meiotic characterization and their implications on pollen fertility

Khah, Mushtaq Ahmad; Verma, R. C.

doi:10.1007/s13237-019-00292-1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The multivalents observed (Fig. 1c) may have occurred as a result of breakage followed by an exchange of chromosome segments among nonhomologous chromosomes as has been reported in many earlier studies [16,17]. In addition, chromosome stickiness occasionally led to multivalent associations.…”

Section: Cytological Studiessupporting

confidence: 72%

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Alam

Khah

Azad

2022

IJPSS

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Background and Objectives: Due to the ever-increasing human population and rapid urbanization, the available agricultural land becomes limited for the production of food grains. As a result, there is an urgent need for creating genetic variability upon which improved varieties could be made. The technology of induced mutagenesis plays an essential role in inducing genetic variations among crop species where hybridization is very challenging. Therefore, the present study has been designed to assess the mutagenic impact of gamma irradiation on the cytological behaviour of T. aestivum L in M1 and M2 generation. Materials and Methods: Bread wheat seeds of selected cultivar were irradiated at BARC, Mumbai with five doses. The irradiated and non-irradiated seeds were sown under field condition with three replicates for each dose according to randomized block design to raise the M1 and M2 generations for morphological and meiotic analysis. For meiosis, immature panicles were collected in early morning and immediately fixed in carnoy’s solution for at least 24 hours. Thereafter, anthers from buds were excised and squashed in acetocarmine followed by photomicrography of suitable PMCs to estimate chromosome aberrations. Results: The results displayed a progressive elevation in the chromosomal aberrations along with a significant influence on seedling emergence, plant survival and pollen fertility. The most frequent meiotic aberrations detected include chromatin clumping, univalents and early chromosome segregations at metaphase and lagging chromosomes, chromatin bridges and chromosome clumping at anaphase/telophase while unorientation, scattering, polarity disturbances and micronuclei were also noticed. In addition, the frequency of these chromosome aberrations significantly decreased in M2 generation depicting the reclamation in genomic structure. Conclusion: The present investigation supports the discovery that gamma irradiations are very effective in creating rapid genetic variability in crop plants including Triticum aestivum which could be essentially exploited for future mutation breeding programmes. The results revealed that the higher treatment doses are toxic whereas lower doses of gamma irradiations seem quite beneficial in generating promising traits with less toxicity. In this study, the cytotoxicity has increased along with gamma irradiation doses and therefore, the genetic structure of the selected bread wheat cultivar is highly affected, which will possibly create new favorable genetic changes in the following generations that would be useful for plant breeders for its improvement.

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Section: Cytological Studiessupporting

confidence: 72%

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Alam

Khah

Azad

2022

IJPSS

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“…Interchanges, involving the exchange of chromosome segments, have massive importance as they signify a model of surveying genetic and cytological changes, and provide novel gene combinations by breaking undesirable associations. Gamma irradiations have been successfully employed for creating chromosomal interchanges in a number of plant species (Verma and Raina 1990, Verma and Goyal 2012, Verma and Shrivastava 2014, Khah and Verma 2017, 2020. These interchange heterozygotes are a significant tool for chromosome manipulation and sustainable interchange heterozygotes have great significance in breeding programs of the plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all translocation heterozygotes observed, the number of ring quadrivalents was higher than that of the chain quadrivalents. Various factors that affect the meiotic configuration of interchange multiples include the morphology of translocated chromosomes, the position of the translocated part, position and number of the chiasma, degree of chiasma terminalization, and arm ratio (Sybenga 1968, Verma and Raina 1990, Khah and Verma 2020. Interchange chromosomes with break sites near centromere and more or less equal in length causes a high incidence of ring configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reciprocal translocations arise by the exchange of broken segments of non-homologous chromosomes. Reciprocal translocations are usually identified by the presence of characteristic multivalent associations at metaphase I followed by partial pollen and ovule abortion (Khah and Verma 2020). Along with different aneuploids and other structural chromosomal aberrations, reciprocal translocation served as excellent cytogenetic tools for the identification and mapping of different linkage groups in plants (Sybenga 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meiotic Investigation in Reciprocal Translocation Heterozygotes of <i>Commelina benghalensis</i> L. (Commelinaceae) Induced by Gamma Irradiations

et al. 2020

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Commelina benghalensis L. is a diploid plant with 2n=2x=22 median size chromosomes. Gamma irradiations (10, 15, 20, 25 kR) to C. benghalensis seeds induced 14 translocation heterozygotes. The translocation heterozygotes exhibited the formation of either a ring or a chain of four chromosomes in PMCs (ranged from 79.84 to 100%). The translocation lines showed the preponderance of ring quadrivalents as compared to chain quadrivalents. After comparative analysis, the quadrivalents frequently displayed alternate disjunction (52.91%) than adjacent disjunction (47.09%). At anaphase I/II and telophase I/II, the translocation heterozygotes showed the presence of lagging chromosomes and chromatin bridges. Micronuclei were sometimes formed in tetrads. Heterozygous plants showed high pollen sterility (ranged from 21.30 to 81.82%) due to the presence of adjacent orientation in quadrivalents and the cumulative effect of other meiotic irregularities. Also, pollen sterility showed a positive and significant correlation (r 2 =0.7285) with adjacent segregation of quadrivalents (ranged from 20.0 to 74.22%) in translocation heterozygotes.

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Induced mutation technology towards improving stress resilience in plants

Khah,

Mir,

Alam

2024

Improving Stress Resilience in Plants

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Gamma irradiation induced multiple chromosome interchanges in Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae): meiotic characterization and their implications on pollen fertility

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Meiotic Investigation in Reciprocal Translocation Heterozygotes of <i>Commelina benghalensis</i> L. (Commelinaceae) Induced by Gamma Irradiations

Induced mutation technology towards improving stress resilience in plants

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