Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as a Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease　― Does It Have Another Face? ―

Seo, Yoshihiro; Aonuma, Kazutaka

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-17-0409

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, the reported associations between serum GGT level and hypertension could have simply been confounded by a shared prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, our results further contribute to the current literature by (1) providing a large population-based longitudinal study of Chinese (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), Q3 (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), Q4 (≥39); in female: Q1 (≤12), Q2 (13)(14)(15), Q3 (16)(17)(18)(19), and Q4 (≥20). GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; IHT, Incident Hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Liang

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Background: Higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is associated with high risk of hypertension. We aimed to examine the association between sex-specific serum GGT levels and incident of hypertension in a Chinese population without metabolic syndrome.Methods: Participants who were free of hypertension and metabolic syndrome from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between 2009 and 2014 were included. Participants were grouped into sex-specific quartiles of GGT levels (Q1–Q4) defined as: ≤19, 20–26, 27–38, and ≥39 U/L for male; ≤12, 13–15, 16–19, and ≥20 U/L for female. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of hypertension according to sex-specific quartiles of GGT levels. Kaplan–Meier analysis and interaction analysis were conducted.Results: Among 38,806 participants included (average age 36.0 years, 54.0% men), 4,505 of them developed hypertension. In the overall study population, using Q1 as the reference group, participants in Q2, Q3, and Q4 showed a higher risk of developing hypertension, with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.126 (1.029–1.232), 1.187 (1.083–1.302), and 1.300 (1.182–1.431), respectively (P < 0.001), after adjusting for known confounders. Sex-specific analysis showed that the adjusted HRs for participants in Q4 (reference: Q1) were greater in females [1.321 (1.100–1.586, P < 0.001)] than in males [1.268 (1.133–1.420, P < 0.001)] (P for interaction = 0.047). Moreover, interaction analysis showed that this association was consistently observed when the participants were stratified by age, body mass index, and fatty liver status.Conclusion: Among Chinese adults without metabolic syndrome, serum GGT level was positively associated with incidence of hypertension, and the association was stronger in females than in males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Liang

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Each medical statistical method has its scope of application and its confounding factor control strategy; if these are ignored during the scope of its application, erroneous results may be obtained, such that the effectiveness of the research will be questioned. 4 – 12…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential analysis of disease risk assessment using binary logistic regression with different analysis strategies

Zhao

Nian

et al. 2018

J Int Med Res

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ObjectiveTo investigate the importance of controlling confounding factors during binary logistic regression analysis.MethodsMale coronary heart disease (CHD) patients (n = 664) and healthy control subjects (n = 400) were enrolled. Fourteen indexes were collected: age, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B100, lipoprotein a, homocysteine, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Associations between these indexes and CHD were assessed by logistic regression, and results were compared by using different analysis strategies.Results1) Without controlling for confounding factors, 14 indexes were directly inputted in the analysis process, and 11 indexes were finally retained. A model was obtained with conflicting results. 2) According to the application conditions for logistic regression analysis, all 14 indexes were weighed according to their variances and the results of correlation analysis. Seven indexes were finally included in the model. The model was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve, with an area under the curve of 0.927.ConclusionsWhen binary logistic regression analysis is used to evaluate the complex relationships between risk factors and CHD, strict control of confounding factors can improve the reliability and validity of the analysis.

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“…Both gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and albumin levels have been reported to be associated with the risk and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) . GGT is an important enzyme in glutathione (GSH) metabolism and is involved in the pathogenesis of CAD . Albumin is the major protein in human plasma and has generally been used as a quantitative measure of nutritional status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] GGT is an important enzyme in glutathione (GSH) metabolism and is involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. 5,6 Albumin is the major protein in human plasma and has generally been used as a quantitative measure of nutritional status. Recently, serum albumin concentrations were reported to be associated with increased risk for the development of myocardial infarction (MI), CAD, and stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma‐glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio as a novel predictor of bleeding events and mortality in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective cohort study

Zheng

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Objectives To determine whether gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) to albumin ratio (GAR) independently predicts mortality and bleeding events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background Serum GGT and albumin levels have been associated with CAD risk and mortality. However, more analysis is needed to determine their predictive relationship with adverse outcomes. Methods In total, 5,638 patients from a large retrospective cohort study were enrolled from January 2008 to December 2016 and divided into two groups (GAR <0.62, n = 2,712 and GAR ≥0.62, n = 2,926). The average follow‐up time was 35.9 ± 22.6 months. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the risk of all‐cause mortality and bleeding events associated with GAR. Results The low‐GAR group had a significantly higher number of all‐cause mortality (p = .016) and bleeding events (p = .010) than the high‐GAR group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the risk of all‐cause death and bleeding events decreased by 23.8% (hazard risk [HR] = 0.762 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.601–0.966, p = .025) and 39.4% (HR = 00.616, 95% CI: 0.446–0.852, p = .003), respectively, in the high‐GAR group. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, the risk of bleeding events decreased by 57.3% in the high‐GAR group (HR = 0.427, 95% CI: 0.234–0.781, p = .006). In patients with stable coronary heart disease, the risk of all‐cause death decreased 28.6% (HR = 0.714, 95% CI: 0.540–0.944, p = .018) in the high‐GAR group. Conclusion GAR was an independent and novel predictor of mortality and bleeding events in CAD patients who underwent PCI.

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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as a Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease　― Does It Have Another Face? ―

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Differential analysis of disease risk assessment using binary logistic regression with different analysis strategies

Gamma‐glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio as a novel predictor of bleeding events and mortality in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective cohort study

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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as a Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease ― Does It Have Another Face? ―

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Association Between Sex-Specific Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Incidence of Hypertension in a Chinese Population Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

Differential analysis of disease risk assessment using binary logistic regression with different analysis strategies

Gamma‐glutamyl transferase to albumin ratio as a novel predictor of bleeding events and mortality in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective cohort study

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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as a Risk Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease　― Does It Have Another Face? ―