Gamma Globulin Turnover and Intestinal Degradation of Gamma Globulin in the Dog*

Andersen, Stig; Glenert, J; Wallevik, K.

doi:10.1172/jci104872

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The amount of labelled protein, recovered from stomach-intestine-mesentery homogenates 10-15 min after injection, was not significantly different from that present 2 hr after intracardiac injection. The gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as a major site for the catabolism of serum proteins including immunoglobulins (Andersen, Glenert & Wallevik, 1963), but less significance has been allocated to the intestine by other workers (Gitlin, Klinenberg & Hughes, 1958). Also, but to a lesser extent than in the gastro-intestinal tract, TCAnon-p/TCAP ratios higher than those of the carcass were recorded for the kidney-spleen INTESTINAL PROTEIN TRANSMISSION and there was also a significant increase in the amount of labelled protein recovered from these organs 2 hr after injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of the transmission of labelled protein by the proximal and distal regions of the small intestine of young rats.

Morris¹,

Morris²

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The plasma volume in rats aged 15-16 days was measured by dilution analysis using homologous, 1251-labelled immunoglobulin G. A mean plasma volume of 5-53 ml./100 g and a mean blood volume of 8-01 ml./100 g were obtained.2. After the injection of labelled immunoglobulin G into the heart, homogenates of various abdominal organs and of the carcass were prepared. Labelled immunoglobulin G left the vascular compartment at a rate of about 9-10 %/hr over a 3 hr period. About 11 % of the labelled immunoglobulin G was catabolized in 2 hr.3. The data obtained from these studies was used to make quantitative estimates of the amount of intact immunoglobulin G transmitted from the proximal intestine and from the ileum after the intra-intestinal injection of 1000 ug of labelled immunoglobulin G. Homogenates of the experimental animals were prepared and it was estimated that over 40 % of the labelled immunoglobulin G was transmitted as intact protein from the proximal intestine. The results suggest that no intact immunoglobulin G was transmitted from the ileum, but about 15 % of the protein removed from the ileum was recovered in the whole body as degraded fragments precipitable with trichloroacetic acid.4. These observations are discussed in the context of the transmission of antibodies, and their relevance to the receptor hypothesis is considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of the transmission of labelled protein by the proximal and distal regions of the small intestine of young rats.

Morris¹,

Morris²

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Although there is general agreement that serum proteins can be demonstrated in normal gastrointestinal secretions (33)(34)(35), the techniques now available have given conflicting estimates of the quantitative significance of this gastrointestinal loss in the over-all metabolism of serum proteins. A number of workers (14)(15)(16) have approached this problem by administering 131I-labeled albumin or gamma globulin intravenously and determining the quantity of proteinbound radioiodine appearing in the lumina of isolated segments of the gastrointestinal tract. These authors have concluded that loss of albumin and gamma globulin into the gastrointestinal tract may account for 40 to 100%o of the over-all catabolism of these proteins (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of workers (14)(15)(16) have approached this problem by administering 131I-labeled albumin or gamma globulin intravenously and determining the quantity of proteinbound radioiodine appearing in the lumina of isolated segments of the gastrointestinal tract. These authors have concluded that loss of albumin and gamma globulin into the gastrointestinal tract may account for 40 to 100%o of the over-all catabolism of these proteins (14)(15)(16). However, other studies suggest that the gastrointestinal tract plays a less significant role in the catabolism of serum proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Gastrointestinal Protein Loss Using Ceruloplasmin Labeled with 67Copper*

Waldmann¹,

Morell²,

Wochner³

et al. 1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Summary. Ceruloplasmin labeled with 67copper and administered intravenously to dogs, control human subjects, and patients with excessive gastrointestinal loss was shown to fulfill the requirements for a label for quantification of gastrointestinal protein loss. The radiocopper moiety was poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, not actively secreted into the intestinal tract, and did not alter significantly the metabolism of ceruloplasmin. Approximately 70% of the body pool of ceruloplasmin in both dog and man was within the intravascular space. In control human subjects the mean ceruloplasmin concentration was 30 mg per 100 ml with total circulating and total body ceruloplasmin pools of 15.5 and 22 mg per kg, respectively. In patients with excessive gastrointestinal protein loss secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia, the serum ceruloplasmin concentration was reduced to 16 mg per 100 ml with a comparable reduction in the total circulating and total body ceruloplasmin pools to 8.8 and 12 mg per kg.The survival.half-time of ceruloplasmin was 6.1 days in normal human subjects and 4.5 days in normal dogs. From 1.0 to 1.9% of the intravascular pool of ceruloplasmin was lost into the gastrointestinal tract of the dog per day, representing less than 11% of the over-all metabolism of this protein.In control human subjects from 1.9 to 3.9% of the intravascular pool was lost into the gastrointestinal tract each day, representing a maximum of from 11 to 22% of the over-all metabolism of this molecule. In contrast, patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia had a markedly shortened ceruloplasmin survival of 3.1 days, with from 15 to 40% of the intravascular pool of ceruloplasmin cleared into the gastrointestinal tract daily. This represented 76% of the over-all metabolism of this protein. Thus, although bulk loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract does not normally appear to be a significant factor in protein metabolism in normal dogs and men, such loss is a major factor in the pathogenesis of the hypoceruloplasminemia noted in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia.

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“…Table IV contains a summary of the means and standard errors of the means of the rate constants for GOT and GPT. Also included, for comparison, are the data determined with 131I-labelled canine yglobulin in dogs by Andersen et al [2]. The metabolic clearance rates, CRmetî and the intestinal clearance rates, CRint, were obtained in the following way : PV X 1000 For the present consideration the body weight is assumed to be 11 kg and the plasma volume (PV) 500 ml.…”

Section: Estimation Of Intestinal Transfer Relative To Metabolic Cleamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study the role of the small intestine in the elimination of plasma enzymes has been evalu ated. Observations by others [2,3,4,8,10,13] that plasma proteins are able to cross the intestinal mucosa suggested that enzymes may do the same. The three transaminases, GPT, GOT I, and GOT II***, are particularly well suited for elimination studies and were therefore used in this investigation, because their half-lives cover a very wide range, from 2.6 days for GPT [7], 12 hours for GOT I [11], to less than 1 hour for GOT II [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of the Small Intestine in the Disposal of Enzymes from Blood

Ga¹,

Kg²

1968

Enzymol Biol Clin

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Summary. The transfer of intravenously injected enzymes from blood to Thiry- Vella fistulas of the small intestine was studied in dogs. The enzymes used were highly purified preparations of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and two glutamicoxalacetic transaminases. The rate of transfer varied greatly, depending on whether isotonic or hypertonic solutions were placed inside the loop. On the other hand, there was relatively little difference in the transfer of the three enzymes, although their plasma-disappearance half-fives varied from 2.6 days to less than 1 hour. Quantitative estimates indicate that this pathway, which appears to represent nonspecific transudation across the intestinal mucosa, contributes relatively little to the metabolic clearance of the three enzymes, in contrast to the clearance of a serum protein. Zymosan, which had been found earlier to inhibit the metabolic clearance of enzymes apparently because of its blocking effect on the reticuloendothelial system, was without effect on the intestinal clearance of the enzymes. A slower but significant transfer of enzyme was also noted in the direction of intestine to blood.

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Gamma Globulin Turnover and Intestinal Degradation of Gamma Globulin in the Dog*

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Quantitative assessment of the transmission of labelled protein by the proximal and distal regions of the small intestine of young rats.

Quantitative assessment of the transmission of labelled protein by the proximal and distal regions of the small intestine of young rats.

Measurement of Gastrointestinal Protein Loss Using Ceruloplasmin Labeled with 67Copper*

The Role of the Small Intestine in the Disposal of Enzymes from Blood

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