Gamma/Delta T Cell mRNA Levels Decrease at Mucosal Sites and Increase at Lymphoid Sites Following an Oral SIV Infection of Macaques

Kosub, David A.; Durudas, Andre; Lehrman, Ginger; Milush, Jeffrey M.; Cano, Christopher A.; Jain, Mamta K.; Sodora, Donald L.

doi:10.2174/157016208786501490

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These results are similar to observations reported in macaques after an in vivo infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In this model, the SIV infection resulted in a fast decrease of γδ T cell mRNA levels at mucosal sites, and in an increase at lymphoid sites, suggesting a rapid redistribution of γδ T cells after the infection [48]. In the same line, our results in sea bass may be interpreted as either a true down regulation and/or a migration of γδ T cells out of the tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Diversity, Molecular Characterization and Expression of T Cell Receptor γ in a Teleost Fish, the Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L)

et al. 2012

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Two lineages of T cells, expressing either the αβ T cell receptor (TR) or the γδ TR, exist in Gnathostomes. The latter type of T cells account for 1–10 % of T cells in blood and up to 30 % in the small intestine. They may recognize unconventional antigens (phosphorylated microbial metabolites, lipid antigens) without the need of major histocompatibility class I (MH1) or class II (MH2) presentation. In this work we have described cloning and structural characterization of TR -chain (TRG) from the teleost Dicentrarchus labrax. Further, by means of quantitative PCR analysis, we analyzed TRG expression levels both in poly I:C stimulated leukocytes in vitro, and following infection with betanodavirus in vivo. Two full length cDNAs relative to TRG, with the highest peptide and nucleotide identity with Japanese flounder, were identified. A multiple alignment analysis showed the conservation of peptides fundamental for TRG biological functions, and of the FGXG motif in the FR4 region, typical of most TR and immunoglobulin light chains. A 3D structure consisting of two domains mainly folded as beta strands with a sandwich architecture for each domain was also reported. TRG CDR3 of 8–18 AA in length and diversity in the TRG rearrangements expressed in thymus and intestine for a given V/C combination were evidenced by junction length spectratyping. TRG mRNA expression levels were high in basal conditions both in thymus and intestine, while in kidney and gut leukocytes they were up-regulated after in vitro stimulation by poly I:C. Finally, in juveniles the TRG expression levels were up-regulated in the head kidney and down-regulated in intestine after in vivo infection with betanodavirus. Overall, in this study the involvement of TRG-bearing T cells during viral stimulation was described for the first time, leading to new insights for the identification of T cell subsets in fish.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Diversity, Molecular Characterization and Expression of T Cell Receptor γ in a Teleost Fish, the Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L)

et al. 2012

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“…Nevertheless, it might be interpreted as an attempt to optimize local defense mechanisms. A rapid redistribution of gd + T cells from mucosal sites to lymphoid sites was observed in macaques (Macaca mulatta) following oral infection of SIV (29). In sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), the same observations have been made following viral infection, indicating that gd + T cells have a role in virus-induced immunity also in teleosts (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Bergva

Austbø

König

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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Previously, our group has shown that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) is a distinct structure largely consisting of T cells embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells, with no direct resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues. In this study, we aim to focus on the T cell population and the possibility of the ILT being a thymus analog. By characterizing structural responsiveness to Ag challenge, the presence of recombination activating genes, and different T cell–related transcripts, we attempt to further approach the immunological function of the ILT in salmonid gills. In addition to eight healthy individuals, a group of eight infectious salmon anemia virus–challenged fish were included to observe T cell responses related to infection. The results showed reduced size of ILT in the infected group, no expression of RAG-1 and -2, and a high degree of T cell diversity within the ILT. Taking into account that the ILT can be regarded as a strategically located T cell reservoir and possibly an evolutionary forerunner of mammalian MALTs right at the border to the external environment, the alteration in transcription observed may likely represent a shift in the T cell population to optimize local gill defense mechanisms.

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“…By using a combination of BLAST analyses, RACE protocols, and primer walking on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC), 3 Vg families and 2 Vd families were identified. 132 Efforts are currently underway to develop antibody resources to better assess the tissue localization patterns and role of these cells under homestatic conditions and disease perturbation.…”

Section: Gd T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and immunology of mucosal barriers in catfish (Ictalurus spp.)

et al. 2015

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The mucosal barriers of catfish (Ictalurus spp) constitute the first line of defense against pathogen invasion while simultaneously carrying out a diverse array of other critical physiological processes, includ\ing nutrient adsorption, osmoregulation, waste excretion, and environmental sensing. Catfish depend more heavily on mucosal barriers than their terrestrial counterparts as they are continuously interacting with the aquatic microbiota. Our understanding of these barriers, while growing, is still limited relative to that of mammalian model systems. Nevertheless, a combination of molecular and cellular studies in catfish over the last few decades, and particularly within the last few years, has helped to elucidate many of the primary actors and pathways critical to their mucosal health. Here we describe aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses in the primary mucosal tissues (skin, gill, and intestine) of catfish, focusing on mucus-driven responses, pathogen recognition, soluble mediators, and immunoglobulin and T-cell derived immunity. Modulation of mucosal barriers will be critical moving forward for crafting better diets, improving vaccine delivery, enhancing water quality, and ensuring sustainable production practices in catfish.

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Gamma/Delta T Cell mRNA Levels Decrease at Mucosal Sites and Increase at Lymphoid Sites Following an Oral SIV Infection of Macaques

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Diversity, Molecular Characterization and Expression of T Cell Receptor γ in a Teleost Fish, the Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L)

Diversity, Molecular Characterization and Expression of T Cell Receptor γ in a Teleost Fish, the Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L)

Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Physiology and immunology of mucosal barriers in catfish (Ictalurus spp.)

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