Gamma-butyrolactone's discriminability and effect on low rates of lever pressing by rats: Alone and in combination with d-amphetamine and naloxone

Discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its metabolic precursor, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in rats

“…Relatively few studies, however, have examined the discriminative stimulus effects of the GHB precursors, GBL and BDL. At the present time, there is only one published report of animals trained to discriminate GBL from vehicle (McIntire et al 1988), and that study did not conduct an extensive investigation of its discriminative stimulus effects. A few studies have examined the effects of GBL or BDL in rats (Winter 1981;Carter et al 2003;Baker et al 2004) or pigeons trained to discriminate GHB.…”

“…GBL does not appear to produce local irritation upon injection and the only other published study on the discriminative stimulus effects of GBL employed i.p. injections (McIntire et al 1988). To be consistent with that study, GBL was administered by i.p.…”