Gamma band EEG activity is enhanced after the occurrence of rapid eye movement during human REM sleep

Abe, Takashi; Matsuoka, Tatsuya; Ogawa, Keiko; Nittono, Hiroshi; Hori, Tadao

doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00332.x

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…For eye movement‐related activity, all vertical and horizontal eye movements during wakefulness and REM sleep were identified visually. As it has been shown that rapid eye movements are preceded and followed by phasic activation (Abe et al ., ; Corsi‐Cabrera et al ., ; Ioannides et al ., ; Miyauchi et al ., ; del Río‐Portilla et al ., ), only those eye movements that were preceded by an isoelectric trace of at least 2 s were selected for analysis in order to avoid contamination from any previous eye movements. Although the number of eye movements during REM sleep was high, only a few satisfied these selection criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study

Corsi-Cabrera

Velasco

Río-Portilla

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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The amygdaloid complex plays a crucial role in processing emotional signals and in the formation of emotional memories. Neuroimaging studies have shown human amygdala activation during rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Stereotactically implanted electrodes for presurgical evaluation in epileptic patients provide a unique opportunity to directly record amygdala activity. The present study analysed amygdala activity associated with REM sleep eye movements on the millisecond scale. We propose that phasic activation associated with rapid eye movements may provide the amygdala with endogenous excitation during REM sleep. Standard polysomnography and stereo-electroencephalograph (SEEG) were recorded simultaneously during spontaneous sleep in the left amygdala of four patients. Time-frequency analysis and absolute power of gamma activity were obtained for 250 ms time windows preceding and following eye movement onset in REM sleep, and in spontaneous waking eye movements in the dark. Absolute power of the 44-48 Hz band increased significantly during the 250 ms time window after REM sleep rapid eye movements onset, but not during waking eye movements. Transient activation of the amygdala provides physiological support for the proposed participation of the amygdala in emotional expression, in the emotional content of dreams and for the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories during REM sleep, as well as for next-day emotional regulation, and its possible role in the bidirectional interaction between REM sleep and such sleep disorders as nightmares, anxiety and post-traumatic sleep disorder. These results provide unique, direct evidence of increased activation of the human amygdala time-locked to REM sleep rapid eye movements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Event‐related potentials synchronized with eye movement onset have been reported (Ogawa et al ., ). REM sleep eye movements in humans are both preceded—during the 500 ms before the saccade onset (Corsi‐Cabrera et al ., )—and followed, by enhanced gamma absolute power (Abe et al ., ; del Río‐Portilla et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study

Corsi-Cabrera

Velasco

Río-Portilla

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…The other consistent finding with respect to spectral power in REM microstates is the relative increase in high frequency activity comprising the gamma (30e50 Hz) frequency range. Enhanced gamma power in phasic REM periods was reported by scalp EEG [59e61, 66] as well as intracerebral studies, the latter arguing against a mere effect of muscular artifacts caused by eye movements [67,68]. The increase in gamma power is assumed to reflect intense sensorimotor, emotional and cognitive processes that individuals experience in the form of vivid dreams [61, 67,68].…”

Section: Spontaneous Oscillatory Activity During Phasic and Tonic Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Simor

Wijk

Nobili

et al. 2020

Sleep Medicine Reviews

136

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s u m m a r yRapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20e25% of nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of functions spanning from basic physiological mechanisms to complex cognitive processes. REM sleep exhibits a plethora of transient neurophysiological features, such as eye movements, muscle twitches, and changes in autonomic activity, however, despite its heterogeneous nature, it is usually conceptualized as a homogeneous sleep state. We propose here that differentiating and exploring the fine microstructure of REM sleep, especially its phasic and tonic constituents would provide a novel framework to examine the mechanisms and putative functions of REM sleep. In this review, we show that phasic and tonic REM periods are remarkably different neural states with respect to environmental alertness, spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, information processing, and seem to contribute differently to the dysfunctions of REM sleep in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. We highlight that a distinctive view on phasic and tonic REM microstates would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of REM sleep in healthy and pathological conditions.

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“…Accordingly, reactivity to external (auditory) stimulation seems to be partially preserved during tonic states in contrast to phasic periods that appear as a functionally isolated state (Wehrle et al, 2007), detached from the environment (Sallinen et al, 1996; Ermis et al, 2010). On the other hand, relatively higher (> 31 Hz) gamma band power distinguished phasic from tonic microstates (Jouny et al, 2000; Abe et al, 2008; Simor et al, 2016). Enhanced gamma activity during phasic microstates was assumed to reflect sensorimotor, emotional and cognitive processes leading to intense dreaming (Gross and Gotman, 1999; Abe et al, 2008; Corsi-Cabrera et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, relatively higher (> 31 Hz) gamma band power distinguished phasic from tonic microstates (Jouny et al, 2000; Abe et al, 2008; Simor et al, 2016). Enhanced gamma activity during phasic microstates was assumed to reflect sensorimotor, emotional and cognitive processes leading to intense dreaming (Gross and Gotman, 1999; Abe et al, 2008; Corsi-Cabrera et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The paradox of Rapid Eye Movement sleep in the light of oscillatory activity and functional synchronization during phasic and tonic microstates

Simor

Wijk

Gombos

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state showing a combination of muscle atonia and intense cortical activity. REM sleep is usually considered as a unitary state in neuroscientific research; however, it is composed of two different microstates: phasic and tonic REM. These differ in awakening thresholds, sensory processing, and cortical oscillations. Nevertheless, studies examining cortical oscillations during REM microstates are scarce, and used low spatial sampling. Here, we analyzed the data of 18 healthy individuals assessed by high-density sleep EEG recordings. We systematically contrasted phasic and tonic REM periods in terms of topographical distribution, source localization, as well as local, global and long-range synchronization of frequency-specific cortical activity. Tonic periods showed relatively increased high alpha and beta power over frontocentral derivations. In addition, higher frequency components of beta power exhibited increased global synchronization during tonic compared to phasic states. In contrast, in phasic periods we found increased power and synchronization of low frequency oscillations coexisting with increased and synchronized gamma activity. Source localization revealed several multimodal, higher-order associative, as well as sensorimotor areas as potential sources of increased high alpha/beta power during tonic compared to phasic REM. Increased gamma power in phasic REM was attributed to medial prefrontal and right lateralized temporal areas associated with emotional processing. Our findings emphasize the heterogeneous nature of REM sleep, expressed in two microstates with remarkably different neural activity. Considering the microarchitecture of REM sleep may provide new insights into the mechanisms of REM sleep in health and disease.

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Gamma band EEG activity is enhanced after the occurrence of rapid eye movement during human REM sleep

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study

Human amygdala activation during rapid eye movements of rapid eye movement sleep: an intracranial study

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

The paradox of Rapid Eye Movement sleep in the light of oscillatory activity and functional synchronization during phasic and tonic microstates

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