Gamified Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: User Requirements Analysis

Vervaeke, Jasmien; Looy, Jan Van; Hoorelbeke, Kristof; Baeken, Chris; Koster, Ernst H. W.

doi:10.2196/preprints.8609.a

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Treatment attendance and homework compliance were higher in Conditions 1 and 3, where the treatment started with BATD, which is consistent with previous empirical data reporting high levels of adherence and acceptability for participants involved in BATD (McIndoo et al, 2016;Simmonds-Buckley et al, 2019). The ATT adherence was also acceptable, which is encouraging because cognitive training adherence had sometimes been identified as a challenge in previous studies (Vervaeke et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Is the combination of behavioral activation and attention training technique effective to reduce depressive symptomatology? A multiple case study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThis study tested whether the combination of BATD and Attention Training Technique (ATT) is effective to reduce depressive symptomatology and investigate the mechanisms of action underlying the effectiveness of treatment with a multiple N-of-1 trials.MethodsNine adults with depressive symptoms were randomly included in three different combinations of BATD and ATT, concurrent in Condition 1 and sequential in Conditions 2 and 3 (ATT followed by BATD and BATD followed by ATT, respectively). The sequential components allow investigating the specific changes that occur during the two distinct treatment phases. Multiple self-report and pre–post-assessments were conducted on generic mental health measures (depressive symptoms, life functioning, mood, and well-being) and intervention-specific measures (behavioral activation, behavioral avoidance, self-focused attention, cognitive control and rumination), with two-week and three-month follow-up assessments. We also measured treatment adherence with treatment attendance, homework compliance and a clinical interview.ResultsParticipants’ attendance, homework compliance and satisfaction were acceptable in the three conditions, with higher adherence in Condition 1 and Condition 3. Eight participants out of nine reported a reduction in depressive symptomatology and five an improvement in well-being. Most of their progress was maintained 2 weeks after the intervention but not 3 months later. Conditions 1 and 2 seemed to be associated with a higher response to generic mental health measures in comparison with Condition 3. The three conditions were not associated with consistent changes in intervention-specific measures, except for rumination with five participants out of nine reporting an improvement in rumination immediately after the intervention and eight participants 2 weeks after the intervention. The concurrent format was associated with a better improvement in rumination immediately after the intervention. No specific changes of self-focused attention and rumination characterized ATT, and no specific changes of behavioral activation, behavioral avoidance and rumination characterized BATD.ConclusionOur three interventions were judged acceptable and showed positive short-term benefit for generic mental health measures and rumination maintained 2 weeks later, but not 3 months later. Results suggest that five sessions of concurrent treatment could be a better option than sequential formats. However, our data did not support the specificity of ATT and BATD treatments.Clinical Trial Registration: This trial was previously registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04595539 registration number and the title “Does Attention Training Technique Enhance the Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression: A Multiple Baseline Study.”

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Is the combination of behavioral activation and attention training technique effective to reduce depressive symptomatology? A multiple case study

et al. 2022

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“…That is, the original training procedure relied on an experimental paradigm that was modified to be conducted online. Assessment of user experiences in a limited subset of the sample indicated that the training procedure could be more engaging (Vervaeke, Van Looy, Hoorelbeke, Baeken, & Koster, 2018). This is particularly noteworthy, as user engagement has been found to be a predictor of CCT effectiveness (Siegle et al, 2014).…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Running head: ONLINE CCT FOR REMITTED DEPRESSION Bearing these limitations in mind, we developed a novel CCT platform with enduser involvement, which provides an integrated way to administer questionnaires and present standardized and training tasks, in order to assess participants fully online (for more information regarding the development process, see Vervaeke et al, 2018). The aim of the current study was to conceptually replicate and extend the previous RCT by , using the same methodology, similar measures but a new platform, to assess the stability of the findings.…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: A Replication and Extension Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Remitted depressed (RMD) individuals form a risk group for developing future depressive episodes. Improving cognitive control may reduce the risk to develop novel depressive symptoms, as beneficial effects of such training were demonstrated in RMD individuals. Method: The current study attempted to replicate and extend these results. In this randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03278756), 68 RMD individuals were allocated to a cognitive control training or an active control condition, each comprised of 10 homework sessions dispersed over two weeks. Primary outcome measures were depressive symptomatology and rumination. Assessment took place before and after training and at 3 and 6 month follow-up. Results: This study showed training-related cognitive transfer and mixed effects on indicators of subjective cognitive functioning, depressive-and anxiety symptoms, as well as broader residual complaints. In addition, we failed to observe previously reported beneficial effects of CCT on indicators of emotion regulation and resilience. Conclusions: Given the partial replication of previously reported effects of cognitive control training in RMD, further research is needed.

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“…As such, the possibility exists that the initial training gains on deployment of rumination may cascade into more robust changes following extended practice with emotion regulation and, related to this, 14 mastery experience in not engaging in habitual rumination (e.g., in line with newly acquired relaxation techniques which are typically first practiced repeatedly in nonstressful situations before one is able to apply them in the context of stress). Indeed, several studies suggest that beneficial effects of cognitive control training seem to develop in the weeks and months following training (e.g., Vervaeke et al, 2021). Related to this, the possibility exists that to be able to effectively cope with stressors, more extensive training would be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regaining control of your emotions? Investigating the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training for remitted depressed patients.

Hoorelbeke¹,

Bergh²,

Raedt³

et al. 2023

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Studies suggest that cognitive control training shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. At the same time, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training. Informed by theoretical frameworks of cognitive risk for recurrent depression (De Raedt & Koster, 2010;Siegle et al., 2007), the current study sought to model direct effects of cognitive control training on the complex interplay between affect, emotion regulation, residual symptomatology, and resilience in a sample of remitted depressed patients (n=92).Combining a four week experience sampling procedure with an experimental manipulation of cognitive control, we observed beneficial effects of cognitive control training on deployment of rumination. In addition, we obtained evidence for the causal involvement of cognitive control in efficacy of emotion regulation. In contrast to our expectations, cognitive control training did not exert immediate effects on residual symptomatology or resilience when compared to an active control condition, nor did cognitive control training impact the complex interplay between these variables. Overall, immediate effects of cognitive control training on functioning in daily life were limited.

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Gamified Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: User Requirements Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Is the combination of behavioral activation and attention training technique effective to reduce depressive symptomatology? A multiple case study

Is the combination of behavioral activation and attention training technique effective to reduce depressive symptomatology? A multiple case study

Online Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: A Replication and Extension Study

Regaining control of your emotions? Investigating the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training for remitted depressed patients.

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