Gametocyte clearance in children, from western Kenya, with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria after artemether–lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine treatment

Omondi, Protus; Burugu, Marion; Matoke-Muhia, Damaris; Too, Edwin; Nambati, Eva Aluvaala; Chege, William; Musyoka, Kelvin B.; Thiong’o, Kelvin; Otinga, Maureen; Muregi, Francis W.; Kimani, Francis

doi:10.1186/s12936-019-3032-3

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…falciparum positive individuals was 6% (84/1421) while the population P. falciparum gametocyte prevalence was 2% (84/4881). This corroborates with the finding of another study in the region [31,32]. The intensification of the fight against malaria in the region by the Kenyan government may be the contributing factor for this relatively low gametocyte carriage reported in our study [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Gametocyte prevalence was higher among the younger age group (5-9 years) and accounted for 67.86% (57/84) of the total gametocyte carriers in the study population. Similar pattern of gametocyte carriage was reported by other studies [21,31]. This can be explained by age-dependent development of anti-parasite immunity due to repeated exposure in endemic settings [21,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Similar pattern of gametocyte carriage was reported by other studies [21,31]. This can be explained by age-dependent development of anti-parasite immunity due to repeated exposure in endemic settings [21,31]. The high prevalence of gametocyte carriage among the younger age group (5-9 years) pinpoints the potential role of this age group in sustaining malaria transmission in the region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The male gender have higher odds of P. falciparum infection in the study area as compared to the females. Gender was reported as a risk factor in other studies in the region [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Assessment of the relationship between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infectivity in Plasmodium falciparum infections

Touray¹,

Mobegi

Wamunyokoli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Asymptomatic P. falciparum gametocyte carriers are potential infectious reservoirs for sustaining transmission in many malaria endemic regions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of gametocyte carriage and some of its associated risk factors among asymptomatic schoolchildren (age 5-15 years) in Mbita, western Kenya and further analyse the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and mosquito infectivity. Methods: Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used to screen for P. falciparum parasite infection among asymptomatic schoolchildren (5-15 years old) residing in Mbita, Western Kenya and the results were further verified using microscopy. Participants positive for P. falciparum infection were further screened for gametocyte carriage and those positive were used to feed laboratory reared An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes using membrane feeding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from dry blood spots (DBS) samples and P. falciparum populations were genotyped using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Assessment of the association between MOI and gametocyte density and mosquito infection rates was conducted. Results: The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among the study population was 29.1%. A significantly higher P. falciparum infection was found among the male gender (n=764, p -value < 0.05) compared to the females (n=657). Gametocyte prevalence among the study population was 2%. Children (5-9 years) have a higher risk of gametocyte carriage (Odd Ratios = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.3–3.4], P = 0.002). Our results indicate a significant and positive combined effect of gametocyte density and MOI on mosquito infection rate (R = 0.825, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study reports a relatively stable year-round gametocyte carriage among the study population. This pattern of gametocyte carriage signals the role of schoolchildren in maintaining malaria transmission in the study area. A strong positive correlation was found between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infectivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The male gender have higher odds of P. falciparum infection in the study area as compared to the females. Gender was reported as a risk factor in other studies in the region [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of the relationship between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infectivity in Plasmodium falciparum infections

Touray¹,

Mobegi

Wamunyokoli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Also, a similar study in Thailand showed that when artemisisnin derivatives were introduce as component of the rst-line treatment, there was tremendous reduction in the incidence of clinical Plasmodium falciparum [35]. Studies have observed that ACT has been associated with decline in transmission of malaria, which is due to the rapid elimination of asexual parasites, and partly due to their effects on gametocytes [36]. Gametocytes clearance after treatment reduces malaria transmission and prevent the selection including the spread of resistance malaria parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Artemisinin-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria after more than a decade after its use in Kenya

Kishoyian

Njagi

Orinda

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drugs remains to be a major threat to the control of the disease globally. After the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), there have been reports of reduced sensitivity of the drug to parasite clearance. In Kenya, artemisinin-lumefantrine (AL) is the recommended first-line drug in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This study sought to assess the efficacy of AL after its reintroduction in Kenya, a decade later. We assessed clinical and parasitological responses of children under five years in May and November 2015 in Chulaimbo sub-County, Kisumu, Kenya. Method: Patients of ≥6 and ≤60 months of age with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection were enrolled in the study. The children were inpatient for close monitoring, they were treated with a standard dose of AL under supervision of a qualified nurse and followed up for 28 days. We monitored treatment adherence and responses. Efficacy of artemether lumefantrine on Plasmodium falciparum was determined.Results: Of the 90 patients enrolled, fourteen (14) were lost to follow-up, with 76 completing the study period. Seventy-five patients 75 (98.7%) cleared the parasitemia within 48 hours while one (1.3%) cleared on day 3. There was 100% clinical and parasitological parasite clearance. Conclusion: Artemisinin lumefantrine was found to be highly efficacious to plasmodium falciparum parasites in children aged ≥6 and ≤60 months. The results reported here indicate that the drug can be used to treat uncomplicated malaria in the study population. However, there is need for continued monitoring of its effectiveness in children and adults to counter the threat of resistance.

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Comparative effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine on gametocyte clearance and haemoglobin recovery in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Assefa

Yismaw

Makonnen

2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Gametocyte clearance in children, from western Kenya, with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria after artemether–lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of the relationship between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infectivity in Plasmodium falciparum infections

Assessment of the relationship between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infectivity in Plasmodium falciparum infections

Efficacy of Artemisinin-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria after more than a decade after its use in Kenya

Comparative effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine on gametocyte clearance and haemoglobin recovery in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

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