Game-Related Impacts in High School Boys’ Lacrosse

Caswell, Shane V.; Kelshaw, Patricia M.; Lincoln, Andrew E.; Hepburn, Lisa; Dunn, Reginald E.; Cortés, Nelson

doi:10.1177/2325967119835587

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…To evaluate potential changes in game play associated with headgear use, chi-square tests were used to examine the proportion of impact mechanisms and penalties administered between headgear conditions. Consistent with prior research, 4 , 6 , 9 the distribution of impact mechanisms (eg, stick, ball, body, or ground) was compared by headgear condition. We included all penalties referenced in the US Lacrosse and NFHS girls’ lacrosse rule books 2 that were the result of the impact and also shown on video.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We were especially interested if headgear resulted in an increased rate of those impacts directly striking the head. Caswell et al 4 reported that 48% of all impacts in girls’ high school lacrosse directly struck the head. Our findings are encouraging, as we found that fewer than one-third (25.5%) of impacts directly struck the head.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All game-related impacts recorded by the sensors were verified on video. Similar to prior research, 4 , 6 , 9 , 19 we limited our analyses to impacts ≥20 g to remove low-acceleration events (10-19 g ) commonly associated with normal and expected physical activities of game play (eg, jumping, hard stops, cuts, etc) and unlikely to result in deleterious neurophysiological changes. Consistent with prior research, 4 , 6 , 9 , 15 an impact was verified if the following criteria were met: (1) linear acceleration ≥20 g , (2) player was identified on the field, (3) player was in the camera’s view, and (4) the impact mechanism could be clearly identified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Game-related mechanisms of impact were described, consistent with prior research by headgear condition. 4 , 6 , 9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact rates (IRs) were calculated as the number of verified impacts divided by the number of player-games, as consistent with prior literature. 4 , 6 , 9 The formula was as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Headgear in High School Girls’ Lacrosse

Caswell

Kelshaw

Lincoln

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Girls’ lacrosse headgear that met the ASTM International performance standard (ASTM F3137) became available in 2017. However, the effects of headgear use on impact forces during game play are unknown. Purpose: To evaluate potential differences in rates, magnitudes, and game-play characteristics associated with verified impacts among players with and without headgear during competition. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 49 female high school participants (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.2 years; mean height, 1.66 ± 0.05 m; mean weight, 61.2 ± 6.4 kg) volunteered for this study, which took place during the 2016 (no headgear; 18 games) and 2017 (headgear; 15 games) seasons. Wearable sensors synchronized with video verification were used. Descriptive statistics, impact rates, and chi-square analyses described impacts and game-play characteristics among players with and without headgear. Differences in mean peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational velocity (PRV) between the no headgear and headgear conditions were evaluated using a linear generalized estimating equation regression model to control for repeated within-player measurements. Results: Overall, 649 sensor-instrumented player-games were recorded. A total of 204 impacts ≥20 g recorded by the wearable sensors were verified with video analysis (102 no headgear; 102 headgear). Most impacts were imparted to the player’s body (n = 152; 74.5%) rather than to the player’s head (n = 52; 25.5%). Impact rates per player-game did not vary between the no headgear and headgear conditions (0.30 vs 0.34, respectively; impact rate ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.37-2.08]). There was no association between impact frequency by mechanism or penalties administered between the no headgear and headgear conditions for overall or direct head impacts. The generalized estimating equation model estimated a significant reduction in mean impact magnitudes overall (PLA: –7.9 g [95% CI, –13.3 to –2.5]; PRV: –212 deg/s [95% CI, –359 to –64]) with headgear relative to no headgear. No game-related concussions were reported during this study. Conclusion: Lacrosse headgear use was associated with a reduction in the magnitude of overall impacts but not a significant change in the rate of impacts, how they occur, or how penalties were administered for impacts sustained during competition. Further research is needed with a larger sample and different levels of play to evaluate the consequences of headgear use in girls’ lacrosse.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Game-related mechanisms of impact were described, consistent with prior research by headgear condition. 4 , 6 , 9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact rates (IRs) were calculated as the number of verified impacts divided by the number of player-games, as consistent with prior literature. 4 , 6 , 9 The formula was as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Headgear in High School Girls’ Lacrosse

Caswell

Kelshaw

Lincoln

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Head Impact Sensor Studies In Sports: A Systematic Review Of Exposure Confirmation Methods

et al. 2020

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To further the understanding of long-term sequelae as a result of repetitive head impacts in sports, in vivo head impact exposure data are critical to expand on existing evidence from animal model and laboratory studies. Recent technological advances have enabled the development of head impact sensors to estimate the head impact exposure of human subjects in vivo. Previous research has identified the limitations of filtering algorithms to process sensor data. In addition, observer and/or video confirmation of sensor-recorded events is crucial to remove false positives. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the proportion of published head impact sensor data studies that used filtering algorithms, observer confirmation and/or video confirmation of sensor-recorded events to remove false positives. Articles were eligible for inclusion if collection of head impact sensor data during live sport was reported in the methods section. Descriptive data, confirmation methods and algorithm use for included articles were coded. The primary objective of each study was reviewed to identify the primary measure of exposure, primary outcome and any additional covariates. A total of 168 articles met the inclusion criteria, the publication of which has increased in recent years. The majority used filtering algorithms (74%). The majority did not use observer and/or video confirmation for all sensor-recorded events (64%), which suggests estimates of head impact exposure from these studies may be imprecise.

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On-Field Deployment and Validation for Wearable Devices

et al. 2022

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Wearable sensors are an important tool in the study of head acceleration events and head impact injuries in sporting and military activities. Recent advances in sensor technology have improved our understanding of head kinematics during on-field activities; however, proper utilization and interpretation of data from wearable devices requires careful implementation of best practices. The objective of this paper is to summarize minimum requirements and best practices for on-field deployment of wearable devices for the measurement of head acceleration events in vivo to ensure data evaluated are representative of real events and limitations are accurately defined. Best practices covered in this document include the definition of a verified head acceleration event, data windowing, video verification, advanced post-processing techniques, and on-field logistics, as determined through review of the literature and expert opinion. Careful use of best practices, with accurate acknowledgement of limitations, will allow research teams to ensure data evaluated is representative of real events, will improve the robustness of head acceleration event exposure studies, and generally improve the quality and validity of research into head impact injuries.

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Game-Related Impacts in High School Boys’ Lacrosse

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

The Effects of Headgear in High School Girls’ Lacrosse

The Effects of Headgear in High School Girls’ Lacrosse

Head Impact Sensor Studies In Sports: A Systematic Review Of Exposure Confirmation Methods

On-Field Deployment and Validation for Wearable Devices

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