Gambling Phenotypes in Older Adults

Granero, Roser; Jiménez‐Murcia, Susana; Pino-Gutiérrez, Amparo del; Mena-Moreno, Teresa; Mestre‐Bach, Gemma; Gómez-Peña, Mònica; Moragas, Laura; Aymamí, Neus; Giroux, Isabelle; Grall‐Bronnec, Marie; Sauvaget, Anne; Codina, Ester; Vintró-Alcáraz, Cristina; Lozano‐Madrid, María; Camozzi, Marco; Agüera, Zaida; Martín-Romera, Virginia; Sánchez‐González, Jéssica; Casalé, Gemma; Sánchez, Isabel; López-González, Hibai; Munguía, Lucero; Valenciano‐Mendoza, Eduardo; Mora, Bernat; Baenas, Isabel; Menchón, José M.; Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09922-4

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In contrast, a worse psychopathological state predicted GD severity among older individuals with GD, who tended to develop GD later in life but to take on more debt [ 21 ]. All these aspects support the heterogeneity of the disorder and the existence of subtypes based on different phenotypes and endophenotypes of GD patients [ 54 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Gambling Disorder Severity: A Pathway Analysis Considering Genetic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Variables

et al. 2023

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Gambling Disorder (GD) has a complex etiology that involves biological and environmental aspects. From a genetic perspective, neurotrophic factors (NTFs) polymorphisms have been associated with the risk of developing GD. The aim of this study was to assess the underlying mechanisms implicated in GD severity by considering the direct and mediational relationship between different variables including genetic, psychological, socio-demographic, and clinical factors. To do so, we used genetic variants that were significantly associated with an increased risk for GD and evaluated its relationship with GD severity through pathway analysis. We found that the interaction between these genetic variants and other different biopsychological features predicted a higher severity of GD. On the one hand, the presence of haplotype block 2, interrelated with haplotype block 3, was linked to a more dysfunctional personality profile and a worse psychopathological state, which, in turn, had a direct link with GD severity. On the other hand, having rs3763614 predicted higher general psychopathology and therefore, higher GD severity. The current study described the presence of complex interactions between biopsychosocial variables previously associated with the etiopathogenesis and severity of GD, while also supporting the involvement of genetic variants from the NTF family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Interestingly, psychological distress has been considered a trigger for developing GD as a maladaptive strategy to regulate negative emotions [ 84 ]. Thus, the mediational role of these clinical features between biological variables and GD severity further emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of GD [ 54 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Gambling Disorder Severity: A Pathway Analysis Considering Genetic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Variables

et al. 2023

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“…Other studies have identified a profile of women seeking treatment for severe GD with a high dysfunctional psychopathological state, and a personality characterized by lower self-directedness and higher harm avoidance (R. Granero et al, 2009 ; Roser Granero et al, 2018 ; Gemma Mestre-Bach et al, 2016a , b). To our knowledge, no empirical study has found any association between this specific profile and poor treatment outcomes in samples of women seeking treatment for GD, but it has been found for males (Roser Granero et al, 2020 ). Harm avoidance is a personality trait that reflects a tendency towards shyness, passive avoidance behaviors, and concern in anticipation of possible danger, while self-directedness measures responsibility for one's own decisions, the availability of resources to deal with situations, self-esteem and effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clustering Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder

et al. 2021

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The rising prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) among women has awakened considerable interest in the study of therapeutic outcomes in females. This study aimed to explore profiles of women seeking treatment for GD based on a set of indicators including sociodemographic features, personality traits, clinical state at baseline, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Two-step clustering, an agglomerative hierarchical classification system, was applied to a sample of n = 163 women of ages ranging from 20 to 73 years-old, consecutively attended to by a clinical unit specialized in the treatment of G. Three mutually exclusive clusters were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 67, 41.1%) included the highest proportion of married, occupationally active patients within the highest social status index. This cluster was characterized by medium GD severity levels, the best psychopathological functioning, and the highest mean in the self-directedness trait. C1 registered 0% dropouts and only 14.9% relapse. Cluster C2 (n = 63; 38.7%) was characterized by the lowest GD severity, medium scores for psychopathological measures and a high risk of dropout during CBT. Cluster C3 (n = 33; 20.2%) registered the highest GD severity, the worst psychopathological state, the lowest self-directedness level and the highest harm-avoidance level, as well as the highest risk of relapse. These results provide new evidence regarding the heterogeneity of women diagnosed with GD and treated with CBT, based on the profile at pre- and post-treatment. Person-centered treatments should include specific strategies aimed at increasing self-esteem, emotional regulation capacities and self-control of GD women.

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“…The identification of the personal stressors was based on the assessment of SLE across the lifespan through a questionnaire designed ad hoc for the research project, based on a previous scale also used for GD populations (Granero et al ., 2020; Jimenez-Murcia et al ., 2020). Considering as stressor any situation that potentially produces stress, the questionnaire covers a large set of experiences that may disrupt individuals’ lives and cause substantial change and readjustment (such as moving to a new city or to a new country, loss of relatives, severe illness, violent behaviours, involvements with law, financial problems, sexual problems, divorces, accidents, severe problems with family or friends, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, birth of a child, problems in parenting, job changes/promotions/losses or extramarital sex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of stressful life events to gambling activity in older age

et al. 2020

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Older subjects are susceptible to develop gambling problems, and researchers have attempted to assess the mechanisms underlying the gambling profile in later life. The objective of this study was to identify the main stressful life events (SLE) across the lifespan which have discriminative capacity for detecting the presence of gambling disorder (GD) in older adults. Data from two independent samples of individuals aged 50+ were analysed: N = 47 patients seeking treatment at a Pathological Gambling Outpatient Unit and N = 361 participants recruited from the general population. Sexual problems (p < 0.001), exposure to domestic violent behaviour (p < 0.001), severe financial problems (p = 0.002), alcohol or drug-related problems (p = 0.004) and extramarital sex (p < 0.001) were related to a higher risk of GD, while getting married (p = 0.005), moving to a new home (p = 0.003) and moving to a new city (p = 0.006) decreased the likelihood of disordered gambling. The accumulated number of SLE was not a predictor of the presence of GD (p = 0.732), but patients who met clinical criteria for GD reported higher concurrence of SLE in time than control individuals (p < 0.001). Empirical research highlights the need to include older age groups in evidence-based policies for gambling prevention, because these individuals are at high risk of onset and/or progression of behavioural addiction-related problems such as GD. The results of this study may be useful for developing reliable screening/diagnostic tools and for planning effective early intervention programmes aimed to reduce the harm related to the onset and evolution of problem gambling in older adults.

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Gambling Phenotypes in Older Adults

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Gambling Disorder Severity: A Pathway Analysis Considering Genetic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Variables

Underlying Mechanisms Involved in Gambling Disorder Severity: A Pathway Analysis Considering Genetic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Variables

Clustering Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder

Contribution of stressful life events to gambling activity in older age

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