Gambling Fallacies: What are They and How are They Best Measured?

Leonard, Carrie A.; Williams, Robert J.; Vokey, John R.

doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000256

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“… Chapter Two (Leonard, Williams, & Vokey, 2015) is a comprehensive review of the gambling literature to identify the logical fallacies that lead to erroneous beliefs about how gambling works, and therefore should be categorized under the umbrella term "Gambling Fallacies". The second part of this paper then reviews the reliability and validity of the instruments designed to identify susceptibility to these fallacies.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study 3 drew from the literature regarding susceptibility to another type of fallacious belief with which gambling fallacies have been associated (Leonard, Williams, & Vokey, 2015): belief in the paranormal. Thus, in addition to measures of gambling engagement, all individual difference variables that had previously been found to be associated with paranormal beliefs were assessed for their relationship with gambling fallacies in a sample of Lethbridge community members and university students (n = 266).…”

Section: Study Three (Chapter Four)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal.

Leonard

2019

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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Utilite ´des tests cognitifs pour pre ´dire le diagnostic de TDAH pre ´sentation mixte chez des jeunes âge ´s de 8 a `15 ans Annie-Claude Perrault, Ve ´ronique Parent et Marie-Claude Guay 70 Ro ˆle me ´diateur du sentiment de compe ´tence dans la relation entre orientation choisie ou subie et motivation scolaire chez les e ´le `ves au niveau secondaire Ce ´le ´nie Brasselet et Alain Guerrien Other Information / Autre information 11 E-Mail Notification of Your Latest CPA Issue Online! / Avis par courriel de la disponibilite ´des revues de la SCP en ligne! ii Instructions to Authors / Instructions a `l'intention des auteurs

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Three (Chapter Four)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal.

Leonard

2019

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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“…Indeed, gambling fallacies (also referred to as erroneous cognitions about gambling) have long been proposed to have an etiological role in the development and maintenance of problem gambling (e.g., Delfabbro & Winefeld, 2000 ; Gaboury & Ladouceur, 1989 ; Leonard & Williams, 2016 ). For example, disordered gamblers are more apt to ignore statistical probabilities of gambling (e.g., base rate neglect and insensitivity to sample size) and believe that the outcomes of games of pure chance can be influenced to maximize positive outcomes ( Leonard, Williams, & Vokey, 2015 ; Wohl & Enzle, 2002 ; Wohl et al., 2007 ). Importantly, the long-term impact of such illusions of control on gambling has been substantiated with longitudinal methods ( Cowie et al., 2017 ; Yakovenko et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: The Potential Mediating Role Of Gambling Fallaciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing your faith on the betting floor: Religiosity predicts disordered gambling via gambling fallacies

et al. 2018

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Background and aimsWe examined the potential role religious beliefs may play in disordered gambling. Specifically, we tested the idea that religiosity primes people to place their faith in good fortune or a higher power. In the context of gambling, however, this may lead to gambling fallacies (e.g., erroneous beliefs that one has control over a random outcome). People who are high in religiosity may be more at risk of developing gambling fallacies, as they may believe that a higher power can influence a game of chance. Thus, this research investigated the relationship between religiosity and gambling problems and whether gambling fallacies mediated this relationship.MethodsIn Study 1, we recruited an online sample from Amazon's Mechanical Turk to complete measures that assessed the central constructs (religiosity, disordered gambling, and gambling fallacies). In Study 2, we conducted a secondary analysis of a large data set of representative adults (N = 4,121) from a Canadian province, which contained measures that assessed the constructs of interest.ResultsIn Study 1, religiosity significantly predicted gambling problem. Conversely, there was no direct relationship between religiosity and gambling in Study 2. Importantly, a significant indirect effect of religiosity on disordered gambling severity through gambling fallacies was found in both studies, thus establishing mediation. The results remained the same when controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status for both studies.Discussion and conclusionThese findings suggest religiosity and its propensity to be associated with gambling fallacies, which should be considered in the progression (and possibly treatment) of gambling.

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“…We also used the results of a recently completed meta-analysis of problem gambling risk factors [34]. Gambling Fallacies Measure (GFM) [37] was used to assess common cognitive distortions about gambling such as misunderstanding the random nature of games and believing that one can win by using a system.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Future Harm from Gambling over a Five-Year period in a General Population Sample: A Survival Analysis

Currie

Hodgins

Williams

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background There is little longitudinal evidence on the cumulative risk of harm from gambling associated with excess spending and frequency of play. The present study sought to assess over a five-year period the risk of gambling problems in adults who exceed previously derived low-risk gambling limits compared to those who remain within the limits after controlling for other modifiable psychosocial risk factors. Methods Participants were adults (N = 4212) drawn from two independent Canadian longitudinal cohort studies (Quinte Longitudinal Study and Leisure, Lifestyle, and Lifecycle Project) who reported gambling in the past year and were free of problem gambling at time 1. Multivariate Cox regression was employed to assess the impact of gambling above low-risk gambling thresholds (frequency ≥ 8 times per month; expenditure ≥ $75CAN per month; percent of household income spent on gambling ≥ 1.7%) on developing gambling problems over time. Covariates included presence of a DSM 5 addiction or mental health disorder at time 1, irrational gambling beliefs, number of stressful life events in past 12 months, number of game types played each year, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games. Results In both samples, exceeding the low-risk gambling limits at time 1 significantly increased the risk of moderate harm within five years after controlling for other modifiable risk factors. Other significant predictors of harm were presence of a mental disorder at time 1, cognitive distortions about gambling, stressful life events, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games. In the QLS sample, the five-year cumulative survival rate among individuals who stayed below all the low-risk limits was 95% compared to 83% among gamblers who exceeded all limits. Each additional low-risk limit exceeded increased the cumulative probability of harm by 30%. Conclusions Level of gambling involvement represents a highly modifiable risk factor for later harm. Staying below empirically derived safe gambling thresholds reduces the risk of harm over time.

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Gambling Fallacies: What are They and How are They Best Measured?

Cited by 40 publications

References 90 publications

Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal.

Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal.

Placing your faith on the betting floor: Religiosity predicts disordered gambling via gambling fallacies

Predicting Future Harm from Gambling over a Five-Year period in a General Population Sample: A Survival Analysis

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