Gambling Among Adults in Germany: Prevalence, Disorder and Risk Factors

Sassen, Monika; Kraus, Ludwig; Bühringer, Gerhard; Pabst, Alexander; Piontek, Daniela; Taqi, Zainab J.

doi:10.1024/0939-5911.a000115

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As findings indicate an association between frequent participation and PG (Currie et al, 2006;Sassen et al, 2011;Welte, Barnes, Wieczorek, Tidwell & Parker, 2004), the decline is in accordance with the objectives of the amendments. However, as the decline is due to the decrease of weekly gambling on state gambling activities, it is questionable whether this effect was intended.…”

Section: Gambling Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 56%

Has gambling changed after major amendments of gambling regulations in Germany? A propensity score analysis

Ludwig¹,

Kraus²,

Müller³

et al. 2012

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

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Aims: This study examined changes in general population gambling in the light of two major amendments of the German gambling regulation, the Fifth Amendment of the German Gambling Ordinance (AGO) for commercial amusement machines with prizes (AWP) and the State Treaty on Gambling (STG) for gambling activities subject to the state monopoly. Methods: Applying cross-sectional data from the 2006 and 2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), propensity-score-matched samples of 7,970 subjects and 3,624 12-month gamblers aged 18-64 years were used for analyses. Logistic regression was employed to examine changes in gambling controlling for possible confounding variables. Results: Overall participation in state gambling activities, participation in lotto as well as TV lottery decreased and gambling on Internet card games increased. No changes were found for any other gambling activity, 12-month prevalence of any gambling and pathological gambling. While weekly gambling declined, overall multiple gambling increased. Effects were similar in the total sample and among current gamblers. Conclusions: Prohibiting specific gambling activities, e.g., Internet gambling, seem to be insufficient approaches to change gambling behavior. Supply reduction might need to be enhanced by changes in game characteristics and implementation of early intervention measures. However, long-term consequences are uncertain and further monitoring is needed.

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Section: Gambling Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 56%

Has gambling changed after major amendments of gambling regulations in Germany? A propensity score analysis

Ludwig¹,

Kraus²,

Müller³

et al. 2012

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

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“…(2011) collected data in 2009 for the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse with participants aged 18–64 years. Using the DSM-IV criteria, past-year pathological gambling prevalence was 0.3% (cut-off of 5+ in the DSM).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015)

2016

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Background and aimsProblem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, intends to provide a more detailed analysis of adult gambling behavior across European countries.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using academic databases, Internet, and governmental websites.ResultsFollowing this search and utilizing exclusion criteria, 69 studies on adult gambling prevalence were identified. These studies demonstrated that there are wide variations in past-year problem gambling rates across different countries in the world (0.12–5.8%) and in Europe (0.12–3.4%). However, it is difficult to directly compare studies due to different methodological procedures, instruments, cut-offs, and time frames. Despite the variability among instruments, some consistent results with regard to demographics were found.Discussion and conclusionThe findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of problem gambling prevalence rates in order to examine the influence of cultural context on gambling patterns, assess the effectiveness of policies on gambling-related harms, and establish priorities for future research.

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“…This debate also extended to behavioral addictions such as Internet use, gaming or gambling (Weinstock et al 2004;Rehm et al 2014;Kraus 2015;). Indeed, Internet use and heavy use is correlated to behavioral addiction, such as gambling (Sassen et al 2011), Internet gaming (Lemmens et al 2015), and Internet addiction (Kir aly et al 2014;Suris et al 2014). On the contrary, a recent study highlighted that heavy substance use may not be a proxy of Internet addiction, since they do not overlap to a large extent (Baggio et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring internet use: comparisons of different assessments and with internet addiction

Baggio

Iglesias

Berchtold

et al. 2016

Addiction Research & Theory

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Background: The measurement of Internet use is an under-documented topic despite the worldwide growth of problematic Internet use and the recent debate in addiction research suggesting that heavy use over time should be suitable for population-based assessment. This study compared different measures of Internet use to identify the most relevant one, and tested whether Internet use was a good proxy of self-reported Internet addiction. Methods: Data were collected in the ado@internet.ch study among 3054 Swiss 8th grade adolescents. Different assessments of Internet use (frequency, number of hours spent on Internet, quantity-frequency measure, latent score) were compared using rank invariance across instruments. We also examined associations of Internet use with health outcomes (Internet addiction, wellbeing, somatic health problems, and quantity of sleeping). Additionally, associations of Internet addiction with health outcomes were investigated. Results: Quantity-frequency captured 82% of the variability of average quantity and 64% of the variability of frequency, whereas the latent score captured respectively 94% and 52%. Regression models showed that frequency displayed the lowest associations with Internet addiction (b ¼ 0.128) and wellbeing (b¼À0.038). The associations of other Internet use measures were very similar. Associations of Internet addiction with wellbeing were higher than those of Internet use with wellbeing, whereas the other associations were similar. Conclusions: The quantity-frequency appeared as the most reliable and straightforward measure of Internet use. However, Internet use seemed to be only one factor in Internet addiction. This study was a first step toward proposing a unique relevant tool of Internet use in epidemiological research.

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Gambling Among Adults in Germany: Prevalence, Disorder and Risk Factors

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Has gambling changed after major amendments of gambling regulations in Germany? A propensity score analysis

Has gambling changed after major amendments of gambling regulations in Germany? A propensity score analysis

Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015)

Measuring internet use: comparisons of different assessments and with internet addiction

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