Galvanic skin responses and cognitive attitudes toward disabled persons.

Zych, Kenneth A.; Bolton, Brian

doi:10.1037/h0090881

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In another study, Cooper (1969) resorted to binomial tests to determine the presence of differences across conditions. Yet in other studies, no information is provided about whether the scores were baseline-adjusted (Zych & Bolton, 1972), or about the procedure used to quantify the physiological responses (Cooper & Singer, 1956). Westie and De Fleur (1959) computed change scores but failed to indicate whether the direction ofthe change was taken into account in the analyses.…”

Section: Methodological Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psychophysiological measures used in these studies included electrodermal activity (Heinemann et al, 1981;Kleck et al, 1966;Wesolowski & Deichmann, 1980;Zych & Bolton, 1972), heart rate (Gargiulo & Yonker, 1983;Marinelli & Kelz, 1973;Wesolowski & Deichmann, 1980), or the PSE (Vander Kolk, 1976aKolk, , 1976bKolk, ,4 1977a.…”

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for a heart rate study by Marinelli (1974) that revealed only trends in the predicted direction, the other eight disability studies found psychophysiological reactivity to be a reliable indicator of emotional discomfort in the presence of disabled individuals introduced either i-n vivo or pictorially. The psychophysiological measures used in these studies included electrodermal activity (Heinemann et al, 1981;Kleck et al, 1966;Wesolowski & Deichmann, 1980;Zych & Bolton, 1972), heart rate (Gargiulo & Yonker, 1983;Marinelli & Kelz, 1973;Wesolowski & Deichmann, 1980), or the PSE (Vander Kolk, 1976aKolk, , 1976bKolk, ,4 1977a).…”

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychophysiological Assessment of Prejudice: Past Research, Current Status, and Future Directions

1999

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

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Many early studies of prejudice adopted psychophysiological measures as a way to circumvent the limitations of self-report instruments. Despite serious methodological weaknesses, that literature consistently points to the value of physiological probes as nonreactive indexes of affective responses to target stimuli. Possible reasons for the virtual abandonment of psychophysiological approaches in the study of prejudice over the last 15 years are outlined, and their reintroduction is advocated on methodological and conceptual grounds. Theoretical perspectives and empirical research in a closely related area, the psychophysiology of emotion, are reviewed and the implications of this literature for the study of prejudice are discussed. Several psychophysiological approaches have been found valuable for assessing the valence and intensity of emotional responses. The availability of these tools, together with the shifting theoretical zeitgeist, make prejudice research ready for a return to psychophysiological methodologies. A multi-method prejudice assessment model is proposed and its theoretical and heuristic advantages are discussed.

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Section: Methodological Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychophysiological Assessment of Prejudice: Past Research, Current Status, and Future Directions

1999

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

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“…Nonetheless, the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), one component of the polygraph, has been used in two related studies. Zych and Bolton (1972) found that a group with initial unfavorable attitudes toward the disabled demonstrated higher GSR responses to slides of disabled individuals than did a group having more favorable attitudes. Janicki (1970) also used the GSR in observing the reactions of health professionals to several disability groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Physiological and self-reported reactions to the disabled and deviant.

Kolk

1976

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Ten female and 10 male college students were asked to (a) rank order 11 labels of disability and deviancy by desirability of acquisition, and (b) verbalize the labels while being tape recorded. Group and individual rank orders, and physiological reactions were measured by the Psychological Stress Evaluator to answer three questions: (a) Do people experience stress in relation to the disabled and deviant? (b) Are self-reported preferences related to the amount of stress exhibited toward various disabilities? (c) Do individuals experience more stress toward certain disabilities or deviancies than toward others? Significant stress was found as a group toward all labels, but great variability occurred with individuals. People did not express the same level of discomfort that was found with the physiological measure. Only one label elicited more stress than another. A psychophysiological model to explain the results was discussed.Negative reactions to the disabled tempted to distinguish differential and deviant have been well documen-perceptions of the disabled. ted in the research literature. In anIn his work with children, Richinvestigation of children's preference ardson (1961) established consistent for handicapped and non-hand-preferences in interpersonal percepicapped children, Richardson (1963) tions. In spite of no evidence that chilfound the non-handicapped child was dren were taught to "like" certain disalways preferred. Semmel and Dick-abilities more than others, a definite son (1966) had college students rank order of preference was found. Othorder various labels with the result ers (Semmel & Dickson, 1966; Wilson, that the disabled and deviant were Sakata & Frumkin, 1968) have estabranked significantly below the "nor-lished an order of preference for phymal white." Other studies have at-sical disabilities. Each study, however, Dr.

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Assessing teachers' attitude toward the handicapped: A methodological investigation

Gargiulo

Yonker

1983

Psychol. Schs.

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The attitude of 48 pre-and in-service regular and special educators toward teaching the special needs pupil was assessed physiologically via changes in pulse and skin temperature and with self-report. The self-report data were contradicted by the physiological evidence. Statistically significant differences were not observed among the four groups on the self-report measure; however, the physiological index of change in mean pulse rate indicated that preservice regular and special educators, in comparison to experienced teachers, perceived teaching the handicapped child to be significantly more stressful. The lack of agreement between the two assessment procedures was interpreted as suggesting that one should consider cautiously the results of investigations that assess attitude toward the handicapped only by means of self-report.

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Galvanic skin responses and cognitive attitudes toward disabled persons.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Psychophysiological Assessment of Prejudice: Past Research, Current Status, and Future Directions

Psychophysiological Assessment of Prejudice: Past Research, Current Status, and Future Directions

Physiological and self-reported reactions to the disabled and deviant.

Assessing teachers' attitude toward the handicapped: A methodological investigation

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