Galvanic hydrogen pumping in the protonic ceramic perovskite

Progress in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia

“…Reaction rates and Faradaic Efficiencies as high as a 3.3 × 10 −8 mol s −1 cm −2 [56] and 90.4% [72], respectively, have been reported. Also, ceramic proton conductors with a 30 m thickness, capable of producing NH 3 at rates of the order of 10 −6 molH 2 s −1 cm −2 , have been fabricated and tested [89,90]. Hence, considerable progress has been achieved.…”

“…Alternatively, the thin electrolyte can provide the same proton flux at a lower temperature. Recently, Coors et al succeeded in fabricating anode supported tubular proton conducting cells with an electrolyte (BZCY72) thickness of only 30 micrometers [90,91]. This is a considerable step forward in scaling up SSAS at elevated temperatures.…”

Ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure in a BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O2.9 solid electrolyte cell

“…The cell used (Coors Tek Inc., Golden, CO, USA) was a slip-cast, bothends open, 65 wt.% NiO-35 wt.% BaCe 0.2 Zr 0.7 Y 0.1 O 2.9 (BCZY27) cermet electrode tube, spray-coated with a dense electrolyte membrane of BCZY27 and co-fired in air at 1585°C [24]. The BCZY27 powder was fabricated from appropriate quantities of BaCO 3 , CeO 2 , ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 precursors, while a further 1 wt% NiO was used as a sintering additive.…”

“…The tubes were sintered at 1585°C for 4 h in air with a heating rate of 50°C ⋅h −1 up to 450°C and 100°C ⋅h −1 from then up. The density of all specimens was determined by the Archimedes method to be at least 98% [24][25][26]. In the present experiments, the length of the tube of Fig.…”

Preparation and ionic conduction of CaZr1−Sc O3− ceramics

“…It can be widely used for fabricating the electrochemical sensors [1,2], high temperature fuel cells [3,4], synthetic ammonia [5] and hydrogen pumps [6,7], etc. Iwahara et al [8] reported that the SrCeO 3 -based ceramics were proton conductors and displayed almost pure protonic conduction in H 2 atmosphere at high temperature.…”