Galvanic currents between dental alloys in vitro

Arvidson, Kristina; Johansson, E. Gunnar

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1985.tb01341.x

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In such a case a galvanic cell of the electromotive force exceeding 0.5 V is generated in patient's oral cavity. This is confirmed by the studies of Arvidson and Johansson [1] who measured the intensity of galvanic current flowing in the conductors connecting the pairs of electrodes made of gold, amalgam, and chromium-cobalt alloy samples located in artificial saliva solution. Maximal value of the current was measured in the conductor connecting the amalgam electrode with the gold alloy one.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

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Metallic dental materials in patient's oral cavity acting as electrodes of electrochemical cells

Opydo¹,

Opydo-Szymaczek

2004

Materials & Corrosion

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The work was aimed at studying of standard potentials of commonly used metallic dental materials and determining of the effect of saliva conductivity and reaction on value of the potentials. The following materials have been examined: gold alloy (a material used for crowns and bridgeworks), chromium-cobalt alloy (for frameworks in removable partial dentures), and silver amalgams (used for fillings) manufactured by three different companies.Taking into account that mucosa makes one of the electrodes existing in oral cavity the rest potentials of mucosa have been in vivo measured in several patients. Their values, converted with respect to NHE, oscillated within the range from þ 0.31 V to þ 0.47 V.Among metallic dental materials examined in the experiment maximal standard potential was found for the gold alloy, further materials having lower potentials, in decreasing order, were chromium-cobalt alloy, and the amalgams Amalcap Plus, ANA 2000 and Septalloy.Significant differences between standard potentials of examined materials and mucosa indicate spontaneous formation of galvanic cells of electromotive force reaching even about 0.6 V.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The existence of dissimilar metals in mouth, combined with saliva as an electrolyte, gives rise to formation of galvanic cells [1,2]. Electromotive forces of such galvanic cells depend on difference in standard potentials of metallic dental materials and oral mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic dental materials in patient's oral cavity acting as electrodes of electrochemical cells

Opydo¹,

Opydo-Szymaczek

2004

Materials & Corrosion

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“…The artificial saliva [17] was of the following composition: 0.1 L each of 25 mM K 2 HPO 4 , 24 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM KHCO 3 , 100 mM NaCl, and 1.5 mM MgCl 2 . To this were added 0.006 L of 25 mM citric acid and 0.1 L of 15 mM CaCl 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of zinc phosphate cement as a luting agent for Denzir™ copings: an in vitro study

2003

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BackgroundThe clinical success rate with zinc phosphate cemented Procera crowns is high. The objective with this study was to determine whether CADCAM processed and zinc phosphate cemented Denzir copings would perform as well as zinc phosphate cemented Procera copings when tested in vitro in tension.MethodsTwelve Procera copings and twenty-four Denzir copings were made. After the copings had been made, twelve of the Denzir copings were sandblasted on their internal surfaces. All copings were then cemented with zinc phosphate cement to carbon steel dies and transferred to water or artificial saliva. Two weeks after cementation, half of the samples were tested. The remaining samples were tested after one year in the storage medium. All tests were done in tension and evaluated with an ANOVA.ResultsSandblasted and un-sandblasted Denzir copings performed as well as Procera copings. Storage in water or artificial saliva up to one year did not decrease the force needed to dislodge any of the coping groups. Three copings fractured during testing and one coping developed a crack during testing. The three complete fractures occurred in Procera copings, while the partly cracked coping was a Denzir coping.ConclusionNo significant differences existed between the different material groups, and the retentive force increased rather than decreased with time. Fewer fractures occurred in Denzir copings, explained by the higher fracture toughness of the Denzir material. Based on good clinical results with zinc phosphate cemented Procera crowns, we foresee that zinc phosphate cement luted Denzir copings are likely to perform well clinically.

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“…Thermal cycling (alternate immersion of specimens in distilled water with a temperature of 5°C and 55°C; 2 x 3000 cycles, five minutes each) was carried out in a thermal cycler (Regensburger Kausimulator, EGO, Regensburg, Germany) and used as reference aging protocol. The artificial saliva consisted of 4.1 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 4.0 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 24.8 mM KHCO 3 , 16.5 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM MgCl 2 , 4.1 mM citric acid and 2.5 mM CaCl 2 10 and has been used in previous investigations for the artificial aging of resin specimens. 11 The pH of the artificial saliva solution was adjusted to 6.7 with 10 N HCl, 10 and the solution was subsequently sterilized using single use filtration devices with a pore-size of 0.22 µm (Vacuflo, Schleicher & Schüll Microscience GmbH, Dassel, Germany).…”

Section: Artificial Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The artificial saliva consisted of 4.1 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 4.0 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 24.8 mM KHCO 3 , 16.5 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM MgCl 2 , 4.1 mM citric acid and 2.5 mM CaCl 2 10 and has been used in previous investigations for the artificial aging of resin specimens. 11 The pH of the artificial saliva solution was adjusted to 6.7 with 10 N HCl, 10 and the solution was subsequently sterilized using single use filtration devices with a pore-size of 0.22 µm (Vacuflo, Schleicher & Schüll Microscience GmbH, Dassel, Germany). 12 All aging media were exchanged every week during the artificial aging period.…”

Section: Artificial Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Modern Dental Composites After Artificial Aging for One Year

Hahnel¹,

Henrich²,

Bürgers³

et al. 2010

Operative Dentistry

113

101

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SUMMARYThis in vitro study investigated the aging behavior of dental composites with regard to surface roughness (SR), Vickers hardness (VH) and flexural strength (FS), and the study elucidated the impact of artificial aging parameters. One hundred and sixty-five rectangular specimens were prepared from five composites (Filtek Supreme XT, Filtek Silorane, CeramX, Quixfil, experimental ormocer) and subjected to various artificial aging protocols (storage in distilled water/ ethanol/artificial saliva for 7, 90 and 365 days; thermal cycling, 2 x 3000 cycles 5/55°C). SR, VH and FS were determined at baseline and after each aging treatment. Means and standard deviations were calculated; statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test (α α=.05). The results showed a significant influence in the composite and aging duration on mechanical parameters; the aging medium did not have a significant influence on VH and FS, but there was a significant influence on SR. The highest overall VH was found for the experimental ormocer; Filtek Silorane yielded the lowest values. For FS, the significantly highest values were found for Filtek Silorane, and the lowest Clinical RelevanceDental composite restorations may fail due to the deterioration of mechanical properties.

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Galvanic currents between dental alloys in vitro

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Metallic dental materials in patient's oral cavity acting as electrodes of electrochemical cells

Metallic dental materials in patient's oral cavity acting as electrodes of electrochemical cells

Use of zinc phosphate cement as a luting agent for Denzir™ copings: an in vitro study

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Modern Dental Composites After Artificial Aging for One Year

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