Gallysin-1, an antibacterial protein isolated from hemolymph of Galleria mellonella

Diversity of stonefly hexamerins and implication for the evolution of insect storage proteins

“…More recent studies suggest that hexamerins function in caste differentiation of termites via regulation of the juvenile hormone levels (Zhou et al, 2006(Zhou et al, , 2007. There is also evidence that some hexamerins play a role in the insect's humoral immune response (Phipps et al, 1994;Beresford et al, 1997). Molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown a complex pattern of hexamerin evolution in some insect orders, with several hexamerin subtypes, such as the highly aromatic arylphorins or methionine-rich hexamerins occurring in parallel in a single species (Burmester et al, 1998;Burmester, 1999Burmester, , 2001.…”

Pre-exposure ofGalleria mellonellalarvae to different doses ofAspergillus fumigatusconidia causes differential activation of cellular and humoral immune responses

“…in the presence of lysozyme has been shown to elicit cytotoxicity in the presence of lysozyme 19 therefore it is possible that such a binding event may enhance antimicrobial potential of hemolymph. The binding of arylphorin was significantly greater in sera from larvae that received 1 x 10 4 or 1 x 10 5 conidia initially relative to that evident in sera from control larvae (p < 0.008) (Fig.…”

Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis involves Hsp90

“…Many of these peptides, including cecropin, gallerimycin, galiomycin, and moricin-like peptides have been cloned [35][36][37][38]. The presence of many proteins/peptides has also been shown in the hemolymph of immune-stimulated larvae [4,8,9,39,40]. It is important to take into consideration the fact that antimicrobial proteins and peptides act in concert to protect the host.…”