Galloyl-RGD as a new cosmetic ingredient

Abstract

BackgroundThe cosmetics market has rapidly increased over the last years. For example, in 2011 it reached 242.8 billion US dollars, which was a 3.9% increase compared to 2010. There have been many recent trials aimed at finding the functional ingredients for new cosmetics. Gallic acid is a phytochemical derived from various herbs, and has anti-fungal, anti-viral, and antioxidant properties. Although phytochemicals are useful as cosmetic ingredients, they have a number of drawbacks, such as thermal stability, residence time in the skin, and permeability through the dermal layer. To overcome these problems, we considered conjugation of gallic acid with a peptide.ResultsWe synthesized galloyl-RGD, which represents a conjugate of gallic acid and the peptide RGD, purified it by HPLC and characterized by MALDI-TOF with the aim of using it as a new cosmetic ingredient. Thermal stability of galloyl-RGD was tested at alternating temperatures (consecutive 4°C, 20°C, or 40°C for 8 h each) on days 2, 21, 41, and 61. Galloyl-RGD was relatively safe to HaCaT keratinocytes, as their viability after 48 h incubation with 500 ppm galloyl-RGD was 93.53%. In the group treated with 50 ppm galloyl-RGD, 85.0% of free radicals were removed, whereas 1000 ppm galloyl-RGD suppressed not only L-DOPA formation (43.8%) but also L-DOPA oxidation (54.4%).ConclusionsGalloyl-RGD is a promising candidate for a cosmetic ingredient.

New Synthesized Galloyl‐RGD Inhibits Melanogenesis by Regulating the CREB and ERK Signaling Pathway in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

“…However, gallic acid is thermally unstable, which makes its use as cosmetic ingredient difficult. In our previous study, we confirmed that galloyl-RGD has higher thermal stability than gallic acid (21). In this study, we found galloyl-RGD inhibits melanogenesis through a similar mechanism with that of gallic acid (Fig.…”

“…In a previous study, in order to overcome these limitations, we synthesized galloyl-RGD ( Fig. 1a) by combining gallic acid with arginine, glycine and asparaginic acid (RGD peptide) by solid-phase peptide synthesis (21). We found that galloyl-RGD is stable at a wider range of temperature.…”

Plant and Microalgae Derived Peptides Are Advantageously Employed as Bioactive Compounds in Cosmetics

“…Histochemical analysis performed on ex vivo skin explants confirmed that GEKG induced the production of pro-collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin. The galloyl-RGD, which is a tripeptide conjugated to gallic acid, was differently characterized for its capacity to inhibit free radical formation in HaCaT keratinocytes at the concentration of 50 ppm, and to suppress L-3,4-DihydrOxyPhenylAlanine (L-DOPA) formation and oxidation when used at higher doses (Dae et al, 2014). A Palmitoyl tetrapeptide, which represented a fragment of an immunoglobulin G, was proven to decrease IL-6 secretion in a basal setting, and served as an anti-inflammatory compound after exposure to UVB-irradiation.…”

Antioxidant and anti-aging potential of a peptide formulation (Gal2–Pep) conjugated with gallic acid

“… 9 Though GA is used in the cosmetics and food industries because of these beneficial effects, its formulation tends to be unstable. 10 We thus developed (galloyl) 2 –KTPPTTP (Gal 2 –Pep) in order to increase the stability of GA by binding it to the PGC-1α-derived peptide TTPTTP.…”