Gallium phosphide as a new material for anodically bonded atomic sensors

Dural, Nezih; Romalis, Michael

doi:10.1063/1.4891375

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A droplet of alkali metal is used to block the stem of the cell and we position the droplet with independent temperature control of the cell and stem in order to minimize spinrelaxation of 3 He due to dipolar fields created by its own magnetization. The cell is heated in a boron nitride oven with GaP windows [34] using thick film resistive heaters driven by AC currents at 120 kHz. The oven is placed in an inner ferrite shield and 3 outer µ-metal magnetic shields [35].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Limits on Spin-Mass Interactions

2018

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Very light particles with CP-violating couplings to ordinary matter, such as axions or axionlike particles, can mediate long-range forces between polarized and unpolarized fermions. We describe a new experimental search for such forces between unpolarized nucleons in two 250 kg Pb weights and polarized neutrons and electrons in a 3 He-K comagnetometer located about 15 cm away. We place improved constraints on the products of scalar and pseudoscalar coupling constants, g n p g N s < 4.2 × 10 −30 and g e p g N s < 1.7 × 10 −30 (95% C.L.) for axionlike particle masses less than 10 −6 eV, which represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best previous neutron laboratory limit.

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell is heated in a boron nitride oven with GaP windows [34] using thick film resistive heaters driven by AC currents at 120 kHz. The oven is placed in an inner ferrite shield and 3 outer µ-metal magnetic shields [35].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Limits on Spin-Mass Interactions

2018

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“…In order to make larger cells, a glass interposer with a hole drilled through it can be bonded to two etched silicon wafers, onto which the glass windows are bonded in turn. 150 GaP can also be used as the wall of the cell preform 151 if high thermal conductivity and low helium permeation are required. Glass can be bonded onto GaP at about 200 C, making this material useful for low-temperature cell filling also.…”

Section: Alternative Cell Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip-scale atomic devices

Kitching

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

428

175

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“…Due to the helium permeation of glass substrate, the measured leak rate is much larger than the actual air or oxygen leak rate with atmosphere. There are several approaches to overcome this problem, such as applying aluminosilicate glass instead of borosilicate glass [ 55 ], using gallium phosphide and Pyrex as sealing materials for anodic bonding [ 56 ], and choosing an alternative gas to implement leak test, while the reported lifetime for microfabricated vapor cells with buffer gas can be over nine months [ 57 , 58 ]. As such, when considering the slowing-down process, the actual lifetime could be much longer than the calculated value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabricated Vapor Cells with Reflective Sidewalls for Chip Scale Atomic Sensors

et al. 2018

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We investigate the architecture of microfabricated vapor cells with reflective sidewalls for applications in chip scale atomic sensors. The optical configuration in operation is suitable for both one-beam and two-beam (pump & probe) schemes. In the miniaturized vapor cells, the laser beam is reflected twice by the aluminum reflectors on the wet etched 54.7° sidewalls to prolong the optical length significantly, thus resulting in a return reflectance that is three times that of bare silicon sidewalls. To avoid limitations faced in the fabrication process, a simpler, more universal and less constrained fabrication process of microfabricated vapor cells for chip scale atomic sensors with uncompromised performance is implemented, which also decreases the fabrication costs and procedures. Characterization measurements show that with effective sidewall reflectors, mm3 level volume and feasible hermeticity, the elongated miniature vapor cells demonstrate a linear absorption contrast improvement by 10 times over the conventional micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) vapor cells at ~50 °C in the rubidium D1 absorption spectroscopy experiments. At the operating temperature of ~90 °C for chip scale atomic sensors, a 50% linear absorption contrast enhancement is obtained with the reflective cell architecture. This leads to a potential improvement in the clock stability and magnetometer sensitivity. Besides, the coherent population trapping spectroscopy is applied to characterize the microfabricated vacuum cells with 46.3 kHz linewidth in the through cell configuration, demonstrating the effectiveness in chip scale atomic sensors.

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Gallium phosphide as a new material for anodically bonded atomic sensors

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Improved Limits on Spin-Mass Interactions

Improved Limits on Spin-Mass Interactions

Chip-scale atomic devices

Microfabricated Vapor Cells with Reflective Sidewalls for Chip Scale Atomic Sensors

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