Gallium In-Diffusion for the Fabrication of Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides

Huang, Wen-Hung; Wang, Way‐Seen

doi:10.1109/lpt.2007.905182

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The halfwave voltage and the extinction ratio are measured to be 3.2 V and 21.4 dB, respectively. Note that, as the gallium-diffused waveguides have been shown to support only extraordinary waves [7], the output power of ordinary waves can hardly be detected.…”

Section: Measurement and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the annealing process is time-consuming and needs to be carefully controlled. Recently, gallium-diffused waveguides supporting only the extraordinary wave have been proposed and are good alternatives for singly polarized waveguides [7]. In this letter, the Mach-Zehnder modulators fabricated by gallium-diffusion in a y-cut LiNbO substrate are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrooptical Modulator Fabricated by Gallium Diffusion in Lithium Niobate

Huang

Lin

Wang

2008

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Mach-Zehnder modulators fabricated by gallium diffusion in y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) are presented. The measured halfwave voltages are 6.2 and 3.2 V when the electrode lengths are 0.4 and 0.8 cm, respectively. By calculating the overlap integral between the modulating electric and the guided optical fields, the value of the electrooptic coefficient r 33 is found in good agreement with that of the bulk LiNbO 3 , which indicates no significant degradation in r 33 is induced by the in-diffused gallium atoms.

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Section: Measurement and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooptical Modulator Fabricated by Gallium Diffusion in Lithium Niobate

Huang

Lin

Wang

2008

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…The planar structure is usually used for optical components, integrated optic circuits, or optical interconnects [7]. Several methods for optical waveguide fabrications were reported using diffusion and ion exchange methods [8]- [10]. The methods have advantages each other, the optical waveguide propagation loss is one parameter to be considered furthermore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Polyimide Optical Waveguide on Silicon Dioxide Layer Stacked Silicon Substrate

Mahmudin

Shobih

Daud

et al. 2017

indones.j.electron.telecommun.

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Optical waveguides are important for guiding lightwave from a place to other places. Propagation and insertion losses of the optical waveguides should be considered to be in low values. Recently, optical waveguides with circular structures, which are optical fibers, are used widely for guiding lightwave in long-distance optical communication with very low propagation and insertion losses. Simultaneously, optical waveguides with planar structure are also developed for short distance communication in optical devices. We have reported design and analysis of the planar optical waveguides. In this paper, fabrication of planar optical waveguides using a polyimide material on thin silicon dioxide combined with the silicon substrate is reported. The polyimide material is used for the core of the optical waveguides. The silicon dioxide located on the silicon substrate and the air is used for cladding of the optical waveguides. Fabrication of the optical waveguides such as oxidation, photoresist coating, masking, ultra-violet exposure, and etching was done. The fabricated optical waveguides were characterized physically using a standard microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fabrication processes and characterization results are reported and discussed in detail.

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“…Its piezoelectric, electrooptic, and photorefractive properties are utilized for designing of many technical applications, e.g., acoustic transducers, 1 electrooptic modulators, 2-4 optical waveguides, [5][6][7] and holographic memories, 8,9 to mention a few. Many researchers reported on the utilization of this crystal for producing wavelengthselective devices, such as optical filters 10,11 or Bragg reflection gratings ͑BRGs͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time imaging of grating formation in LiNbO3:Fe using Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Tarjányi

2010

Opt. Eng.

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A setup for observing formation of light-induced diffraction grating in LiNbO 3 : Fe in real time is presented. The utilization of this setup allows monitoring the temporal dependence of the diffraction efficiencies of several diffraction orders and observing the temporal evolution of the grating by means of the Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer at the same time. The part of the setup responsible for imaging of the space-time distribution of the refractive index changes in a crystal is advantageous to those making long-period gratings in various photorefractive materials because of easy and direct readout of both the grating spacing and the amplitude of the refractive index modulation. These two parameters are well controlled, and the recording of the grating can be stopped after desired values are reached.

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Gallium In-Diffusion for the Fabrication of Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Electrooptical Modulator Fabricated by Gallium Diffusion in Lithium Niobate

Electrooptical Modulator Fabricated by Gallium Diffusion in Lithium Niobate

Fabrication of Polyimide Optical Waveguide on Silicon Dioxide Layer Stacked Silicon Substrate

Real-time imaging of grating formation in LiNbO3:Fe using Mach-Zehnder interferometer

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