“…On the cross-section view of the NCO-1/1 sample ( Figure 4 d bottom), nanowire crystals can be easily observed, reaching lengths up to 40 nm. Several mechanisms of the nanowire/whiskers growth are presented in the literature, describing the morphology of the sample NCO-1/1 [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], including the growth of metal-oxide whiskers [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. During the formation of TMO nanowires, the importance of the chemical composition and growth conditions were noted [ 69 , 70 ].…”