Galling: the prevalent form of insect folivory in the latest Neogene monsoon-influenced tropical forests of the Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India

Hazra, Manoshi; Hazra, Taposhi; Spicer, Robert A.; Sarkar, Sagartirtha; Spicer, Teresa E.V.; Bera, Subir; Khan, Mahasin Ali

doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.09.004

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Unlike modern galls, the recognition of fossil galls may be complicated due to the varying state of their preservation. Galls induced by arthropods (mainly insects) on leaves are diverse in the fossil record 11,14,[20][21][22][23][24] . The identification of fossil galls is usually based on gross morphology and position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lithology in the studied section includes mainly shales and sandstone. A detailed description of the section yielding the plant fossils studied for the present study has been provided in previous studies 20 , 61 . A Pliocene age has been suggested for the studied sedimentary strata based on lithostratigraphic correlation and plant macrofossils 61 , 62 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important Indian fossiliferous localities depicting records of fossil galls throughout the Cenozoic are of Paleocene 15 , Mio-Pliocene 16 , 17 , Pliocene 18 , 19 and Pleistocene 16 age. Recently, diverse galls have been reported on fossil angiosperm leaves recovered from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments from the Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Hazra

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Denk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We report a new type of fossil margin galls arranged in a linear series on dicot leaf impressions from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments of the Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, eastern India. We collected ca. 1500 impression and compression leaf fossils, of which 1080 samples bear arthropod damage referable to 37 different damage types (DT) in the ‘GuidetoInsect(andOther)DamageTypesinCompressedPlantFossils’. A few leaf samples identified as Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) have specific margin galls that do not match any galling DT previously described. This type of galling is characterized by small, linearly arranged, irregular, sessile, sub-globose, solitary, indehiscent, solid pouch-galls with irregular ostioles. The probable damage inducers of the present galling of the foliar margin might be members of Eriophyidae (Acari). The new type of gall suggests that marginal gall-inducing mites on leaves of Ipomoea did not change their host preference at the genus level since the Pliocene. The development of marginal leaf galling in Ipomoea is linked to extrafloral nectaries that do not offer protection against arthropod galling but indirectly protect the plant against herbivory from large mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Hazra

Adroit

Denk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…ex Blume, Peltophorum (Vogel) Benth., Ventilago Gaertn., etc., and flower impressions similar to Galactica P. Browne, Bombax L., etc. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. In addition, fossilized fishes, bird remains, and insects have been also reported from the same formation [33,41,42,46,47].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the Puparia of a Whitefly Species Found on Malvaceae in the Pliocene Rajdanda Formation, Jharkhand, Eastern India

et al. 2023

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A new genus and species of fossil whitefly, Praealeurolobus indicus gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on puparia found on leaves of a malvaceous plant from the Pliocene Rajdanda Formation in Eastern India. It is the first record of whitefly puparia on leaves from the Neogene deposits of Asia and the second taxon formally named and described from such adpression fossils. The cephalothorax of some of the puparia has a large, irregularly shaped hole with jagged edges, typical of the emergence holes of parasitoids of modern-day whiteflies and represents the earliest record of parasitism on whiteflies. This finding enriches our knowledge of the fossil record of Aleyrodidae in connection with allied fossils and provides new insight into the ecological interactions of the palaeobiota and taphonomy of fossils preserved in the Pliocene Rajdanda Formation.

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“…The insect causes the plant to produce specialized nutritional and occasionally defensive resources that are beneficial to the insect at the expense of the plant's growth and reproduction by "reprogramming" the expression of the plant genome (Giron et al, 2016). Insect gall induction results in decreased photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, and water potential, stressing out the host plant (Florentine et al, 2001, Hazra et al, 2022. Additionally, the gall-forming insects or their young receive feed, security, and shelter from the galls Schönrogge, 2003, Ascendino andMaia, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Predicted Geographic Range of The Gall Former Schizomyia botellus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) under Influence of Climatic Factors in Arid Habitats.

Kamel

2022

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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In some localities of Sinai, the gall-midge Schizomyia botellus Dorchin & Freidberg, 2011 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) induce elongated galls on the axillary buds of Deverra triradiata Hochst. ex Boiss (Family: Apiaceae). The present work studies the relationship between S. botellus and D. tortuosa. Furthermore, the present study predicted the distribution of S. botellus in Sinai, Egypt by using Maxent modeling, in addition, to studying the influence of elevation and plant cover on its distribution.The predominance of S. botellus occurred from January to April and adults emerge from the gall at the beginning of April after pupation. Endoparasitoids of the genus Inostemma (Platygastridae)occasionally attack the larvae of S. botellus. The distribution of S. botellus in Sinai is affected positively by plant cover and negatively by elevation. The predicted highly suitable habitat of S. botellus is mainly concentrated inside the boundary of the St. Katherine protectorate in south Sinai. The most bioclimatic factors that had an impact on S. botellus' predicted range was the maximum temperature of the warmest month, isothermality, and the amount of precipitation in the coldest quarter. Our findings can help ecologists define sampling regions and create conservation plans for this type of environmental interaction.

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Galling: the prevalent form of insect folivory in the latest Neogene monsoon-influenced tropical forests of the Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Discovery of the Puparia of a Whitefly Species Found on Malvaceae in the Pliocene Rajdanda Formation, Jharkhand, Eastern India

Mapping the Predicted Geographic Range of The Gall Former Schizomyia botellus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) under Influence of Climatic Factors in Arid Habitats.

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