Gallinazo Maize from the Chicama Valley, Peru

Abstract

A large sample of Gallinazo cobs from Huaca Prieta is classified using a set of five variables. Some types of Gallinazo maize recovered there seem to have been new to the Peruvian North Coast; some types of the preceding Salinar phase are not known from this site. Further changes occur in the Chicama-Viru area when Moche influence appears. In several ways Gallinazo maize seems more related to maize occurring today further north and east than to modern highland or coastal maize to the southeast.

Territorial expansion and primary state formation

“…Here, excavations reported by Bird and Hyslop (53) showed that earlier deposits were overlain by a Gallinazo occupation in Test Pit HP1, which included a facility with a concentration of clay-lined pits and a large jar (figures 13-14 of ref. 53), associated with 571 maize cobs whose kernels had been removed (54). The HP1 facility shows similarities to facilities documented ethnographically and archaeologically for the production of maize beer or chicha (55)(56)(57).…”

Prosperity, power, and change: Modeling maize at Postclassic Xaltocan, Mexico

“…As discussed above, the morphology of maize is the product of genetic, environmental, and other developmental factors (Adams et al, 1999;Benz, 1994b;Goodman and Paterniani, 1969;King, 1994;Sánchez González et al, 1993;Turkon, 2006). Indeed, researchers have studied maize at the morphological level to ascertain the possible races of maize present in archaeobotanical assemblages as well as the production of maize in distinctive ecological contexts (Benz, 1994b;Benz and Iltis, 1990;Bird, 1994;Bird and Bird, 1980;Doebley and Bohrer, 1983;Johannessen et al, 1990;King, 1994;Miksicek et al, 1981;Huckell, 2006;Turkon, 2006;Villa Kamel et al, 2003).…”

“…Indeed, scholars have conducted such analyses to determine the specific varieties present in archaeobotanical assemblages (e.g., Benz, 1994a;Bird and Bird, 1980;McClung de Tapia, 1977;Miksicek et al, 1981;Morehart, 2002;Villa Kamel et al, 2003). Yet, carbonization of the archaeobotanical remains usually causes not only their shrinkage but can distort some features.…”

“…Our measurements followed the guidelines and terminology proposed by Bird (1994), Bird and Bird (1980) and Benz (1986). All measurements were made with vernier calipers using a lowpower, stereoscope on complete cobs or nearly complete cobs and on individual cupules.…”

Reconstrução de padrões paleopatológicos dentais em agricultores incipientes e desenvolvidos do litoral dos Andes Centrais

“…-Espécies sobre as quais não há informação para período e sítio. O número de X e * simboliza a proporção relativa da planta no registro arqueobotânico do período (Bird & Bird, 1980;Bird et al, 1985;Pozorski & Pozorski, 1993;Billman, 1996, Elera et al, 1992Elera, 1993Elera, , 1998Cárdenas, 1977;Gonzáles, 2007;Piperno & Dillehay, 2008 …”