Galli–Galli disease successfully treated with alitretinoin

Galli–Galli Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review

“…The disease involves individuals between the second and ninth decades of life, reaching its peak in the third and fifth decade [5,7,45]. The majority of patients were Caucasians (52/63) [1][2][3][4]6,18,19,[21][22][23][24]31,42,43,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], followed by Indians (6) [9,44], Asians (5) [53], Africans (1) [34], Arabians (1) [20], Asian-Americans (1) [8], Japanese (1) [30], and Latin Americans (1) [54]. In one case the race is unspecified [5].…”

“…It is increasingly evident that two distinct presentations of GGD exist, rather than a single phenotype, as formerly believed [5,21,49]. The first presentation, which is observed in the majority of patients (42/69) and consequently designated as typical, is characterized by progressive symmetrical, reticular, and partly lentiginous pigmentation of the flexures (the neck, axillary, mammary, and inguinal folds) in combination with erythematous brownish macules and papules, which sometimes coalesce into reticulated plaques (Figure 3) [1][2][3]6,8,9,18,[20][21][22]24,34,42,[46][47][48][49][52][53][54].…”

“…It is increasingly evident that two distinct presentations of GGD exist, rather than a single phenotype, as formerly believed [5,21,49]. The first presentation, which is observed in the majority of patients (42/69) and consequently designated as typical, is characterized by progressive symmetrical, reticular, and partly lentiginous pigmentation of the flexures (the neck, axillary, mammary, and inguinal folds) in combination with erythematous brownish macules and papules, which sometimes coalesce into reticulated plaques (Figure 3) [1][2][3]6,8,9,18,[20][21][22]24,34,42,[46][47][48][49][52][53][54]. The second presentation, which has been identified in a minority of cases (25/69) and hence defined as atypical, is characterized by erythematous macules and papules widely distributed over the trunk, neck, back, abdomen, and limbs without the involvement of the flexural folds (Figure 4) [4,5,19,21,30,[43][44][45]50,51,[55][56][57].…”

“…Clinically, GGD is characterized by erythematous macules and papules with reticulate hyperpigmentation affecting the flexural areas, including the axillary, inguinal, and neck regions. During the inflammatory phase of the disease, itchy, erythematous, vesicular, and/or scaly papules may manifest in the same distribution, as well as on the trunk and proximal extremities [5][6][7]. Comedo-like lesions or pitted acneiform scars on the face may occasionally occur [6,8,9].…”

“…During the inflammatory phase of the disease, itchy, erythematous, vesicular, and/or scaly papules may manifest in the same distribution, as well as on the trunk and proximal extremities [5][6][7]. Comedo-like lesions or pitted acneiform scars on the face may occasionally occur [6,8,9]. An emerging consensus posits a distinct GGD subset characterized by an atypical phenotype.…”