Galleria mellonella is low cost and suitable surrogate host for studying virulence of human pathogenic Vibrio cholerae

Bokhari, Habib; Ali, Amjad; Noreen, Zobia; Thomson, Nicholas R.; Wren, Brendan W.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.019

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A correlation was observed between the G. mellonella larva model and well-established duckling models, suggesting that this model is a quick and inexpensive tool with which to compare the degrees of virulence of different R. anatipestifer isolates. Combining our results with the results obtained for other bacteria, it can be inferred that the G. mellonella larva model can be used extensively to identify the virulence of different bacterial isolates (11,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Recently, the larva of G. mellonella has been reported as an easy-to-use model organism for several pathogenic bacteria (11,12,38,39). This model host represents a valuable tool for the study of host-pathogen interactions because it is convenient for distinguishing virulent and avirulent strains and identifying bacterial virulence factors ΔtonB2 (which were preincubated with 10 M duck Hb), and duck Hb alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the G. mellonella larva model has been used to identify the virulence of different bacterial isolates, such as Vibrio cholerae (38) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (11), the correlation of the bacterial virulence in the G. mellonella larva model and the animal model has not been evaluated broadly. In this study, first, it was shown that different isolates of R. anatipestifer strains, namely, CH-1 and ATCC 11845, had different kinetics of survival and larval mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Perspectives on Galleria mellonella Larvae as a Host Model Using Riemerella anatipestifer as a Proof of Concept

Liu

Huang

et al. 2019

Infect Immun

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Galleria mellonella larvae have been used as a host model to study interactions between pathogens and hosts for several years. However, whether the model is useful to interrogate Riemerella anatipestifer infection biology remained unknown. This study aimed to exploit the potential of G. mellonella larvae and reveal their limitations as a host model for R. anatipestifer infection. G. mellonella larvae were shown to be effective for virulence evaluations of different R. anatipestifer strains. Furthermore, the virulent strain R. anatipestifer CH-1 had a stronger ability to proliferate than the attenuated strain R. anatipestifer ATCC 11845 in both G. mellonella larvae and ducklings. Unconventionally it was shown that G. mellonella larvae cannot be used to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials and their combinations. Additionally, it was shown that certain virulence factors, such as OmpA (B739_0861), B739_1208, B739_1343, and Wza (B739_1124), were specific only for ducklings, suggesting that G. mellonella larvae must be cautiously used to identify virulence factors of R. anatipestifer. Evaluation of heme uptake-related virulence genes, such as tonB1 and tonB2, required preincubating the strains with hemoglobin before infection of G. mellonella larvae since R. anatipestifer cannot obtain a heme source from G. mellonella larvae. In conclusion, this study revealed the applicability and limitations of G. mellonella as a model with which to study the pathogen-host interaction, particularly in the context of R. anatipestifer infection.A fter Robert Koch's work, Stanley Falkow established the molecular version of Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial virulence determinants in infectious diseases since the late 1980s (1). One of the key purposes of the molecular version of Koch's postulates is to test whether a microorganism is attenuated when a candidate virulence gene is inactivated. Thus, the use of animal models to identify the virulence factors of pathogens is indispensable. However, animal models are accompanied by ethical problems and cannot be used in large numbers for statistical analysis. Recently, nonmammalian models, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, and larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, have been used for biological research (2-4). These organisms share many advantages over mammalian models, including being easy to obtain, cost-effective, and more ethically acceptable. However, the optimal temperature for C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and Danio rerio is below 28°C (5, 6). These models are defective since the optimum temperature for most mammal pathogens is 37°C. In contrast, the G. mellonella larva model is able to survive at 37°C. Moreover, the immune system of G. mellonella larvae

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New Perspectives on Galleria mellonella Larvae as a Host Model Using Riemerella anatipestifer as a Proof of Concept

Liu

Huang

et al. 2019

Infect Immun

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“…Galleria mellonella, a worm with a complex immune system, provides a competitively advantageous alternative to other hosts regarding size and amenability for the evaluation of antimicrobial treatments (284). The infection development model employs larval caterpillars (third-or final-instar stage) that are injected with bacteria in the hemocoel via the last left proleg (285).…”

Section: Nonvertebrate Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms

et al. 2018

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Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.

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“…Invertebrates such as worms, insects, and amoebas can be used as animal models [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. They provide the ability to readily use large numbers of subjects due to fast reproduction, ease of handling, and small size.…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of Type III Secretion System-Mediated Pathogenesis

Hotinger

May

2019

Pathogens

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The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a conserved virulence factor used by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and has become an important target for anti-virulence drugs. Most T3SS inhibitors to date have been discovered using in vitro screening assays. Pharmacokinetics and other important characteristics of pharmaceuticals cannot be determined with in vitro assays alone. In vivo assays are required to study pathogens in their natural environment and are an important step in the development of new drugs and vaccines. Animal models are also required to understand whether T3SS inhibition will enable the host to clear the infection. This review covers selected animal models (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, pig, cattle, primates, chicken, zebrafish, nematode, wax moth, flea, fly, and amoeba), where T3SS activity and infectivity have been studied in relation to specific pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Bordetella spp., Vibrio spp., Chlamydia spp., and Yersinia spp.). These assays may be appropriate for those researching T3SS inhibition.

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Galleria mellonella is low cost and suitable surrogate host for studying virulence of human pathogenic Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

New Perspectives on Galleria mellonella Larvae as a Host Model Using Riemerella anatipestifer as a Proof of Concept

New Perspectives on Galleria mellonella Larvae as a Host Model Using Riemerella anatipestifer as a Proof of Concept

Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms

Animal Models of Type III Secretion System-Mediated Pathogenesis

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