Gallbladder Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Case Report

Abstract

The gallbladder Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) are extremely rare. The association of at least two components including one neuroendocrine tumor, and a non-neuroendocrine one defines MiNEN.
 We are reporting a case of 50-year-old woman referred to our department for management of a gallbladder tumor suspected on imaging. She undergone a cholecystectomy enlarged to the vesicular bed according to Gleen and hepatoduodenal lymphadenectomy.
 The histological examination conclude on MiNEN of the gallbladder; and the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and she shows no sign of recurrence at 6 months.

An Unusual Case of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Gallbladder With Mixed Adenocarcinoma Component in a Patient With Pancreatobiliary Maljunction

“…Gallbladder cancers are rare and account for approximately 0.5% of all cancers [ 1 ]. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype accounting for between 90% to 98% of these cancers [ 1 , 7 , 11 ]. The literature suggests that NET of the gallbladder is rarer still representing 0.2% to 0.5% of all NETs and approximately 0.2% to 2% of all gallbladder cancers [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 14 ] and less than 1% of GB-NECs are functioning tumors [ 8 ].…”

“…As there are no neuroendocrine cells within normal gallbladder histology, the origin of gallbladder NET and mixed neuroendocrine-non-endocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) remains unclear although several theories currently exist. A widely accepted hypothesis is that both adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas derive from a common single biliary tree multipotent stem or progenitor cell subserving biliary tree regeneration [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms are thought to arise from multipotent stem cells or neuroendocrine cells following gastric or intestinal metaplasia as a consequence of chronic inflammation secondary to gallstones [1,2,5,8,[10][11][12][13]. Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms were reported as mixed in four of 10 cases reported in a case series [6].…”