Gallbladder Hydrops Due to Viral Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Report

Aldaghi, Mitra; Haghighat, Mahmood; Dehghani, Seyed Mohsen

doi:10.5812/jjm.15779

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is associated with acute acalculous cholecystitis in children and adults [56,57]. In these cases, higher elevations of the ALT levels of more than 500 IU/L are occasionally observed [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. Cholestasis is likely to be associated with HAV infection [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection Caused Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Choledocholithiasis

Hirano,

Kanda,

Honda

et al. 2023

Reports

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic strains that are primarily transmitted through the consumption of undercooked pork or game meat. They also cause asymptomatic infections, acute hepatitis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, chronic hepatitis, and extrahepatic manifestations. Here, we report a man in his 80s who had chronic hepatitis B, took entecavir for it, and presented with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and jaundice. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed choledocholithiasis with cholecystolithiasis. Although endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation was performed for the removal of a common bile duct stone, the abnormal liver function tests, including jaundice, were prolonged. After other viral hepatitis and other causes of the liver injury were ruled out, as his serum was positive for immunoglobulin A anti-HEV and HEV genotype 3b RNA, we diagnosed him as having acute hepatitis E. In this case, with chronic hepatitis B and a common bile duct stone, the prolonged abnormal results for the liver function tests seemed to be caused by HEV infection. In conclusion, in cases with high ALT levels after removing choledocholithiasis, other factors, including HEV infection, should be considered to determine the cause of abnormal liver function test results. The further examination of hepatitis D virus infection and high ALT levels may be needed in HBV-infected individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infection Caused Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Choledocholithiasis

Hirano,

Kanda,

Honda

et al. 2023

Reports

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“…After identifying 671 articles, 153 articles involving 171 cases were eligible: 104 viral infection and 67 rheumatic disease AAC patients. [8,11–162] Viral infection types included: Epstein Barr virus, hepatitis virus, dengue virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus. Rheumatic diseases included: systemic lupus erythematosus, adult-onset Still disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis), microscopic polyangiitis, temporal arteritis, Wegener granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis), Kawasaki syndrome, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and juvenile dermatomyositis (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is conservative management a safe approach for patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis presenting with an acute abdomen?

Chang,

Wang,

Shi

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) often present with acute abdominal symptoms. However, recent clinical studies have suggested that some patients with AAC and an acute abdomen, especially when caused by viruses or rheumatic disease, may not require cholecystectomy and that conservative treatment is adequate. Whether cholecystectomy is superior to conservative treatment for patients with AAC presenting with a severe acute abdomen is still uncertain. This was a case series study of AAC-related literature published between 1960 and 2022. In total, 171 cases (104 viral infection-associated AAC and 67 rheumatic disease-associated AAC) were included. The prognoses of patients receiving cholecystectomy or conservative treatment were compared. To account for confounding factors, etiological stratification and logistic regression were performed. The prognosis was similar for patients undergoing cholecystectomy and conservative treatment (P value .364), and virus infection-associated AAC had a better prognosis than rheumatic disease-associated AAC (P value .032). In patients with AAC caused by viruses or rheumatic disease, the acute abdomen can be adequately managed by conservative treatment of the underlying etiology and does not mandate surgical intervention.

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“…Gallbladder involvement has been described in 50 to 98 % of adults with acute viral hepatitis, mild gallbladder wall thickening being the most common sonographic finding [7]. However HAV induced HG has been very rarely reported in children [1,2,[6][7][8][9][10] . Although the origin is obscure, demonstrated invasion of the gallbladder and bile duct epithelium by HAV and cellmediated immunologic response have been proposed in the pathogenesis of HAV infection induced cholecystitis [3,11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydropic gallbladder in a child due to hepatitis A infection

Akcan¹,

Dursun²,

Demirtaş³

et al. 2016

MMJ

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Hydrops of the gallbladder is rarely seen in childhood and characterized by massive acalculous distension of the gallbladder. It is defined by the absence of calculi, bacterial infection or congenital anomalies of the biliary system. We report a seven year old girl presenting with fever, vomiting,abdominal pain, icterus in scleras, hepatomegaly and tenderness in right hypochondrium. Laboratory investigations revealed hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver enzymes but there was no evidence of bacterial or parasitic infection. Serology for viral hepatitis suggested acute hepatitis A infection. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed distended, hydropic gallbladder without calculous was observed.Here we report a child with acute viral acalculous cholecystitis due to hepatitis A virus infection. Keywords: Acalculous cholecystitis, Hepatitis A, Hydrops, Gallbladder ÖZSafra kesesi hidropsu, çocukluk çağında seyrek görülen ve safra kesesinin taşsız aşırı distansiyonu ile karakterizedir. Safra kesesi taşı,bakteriyel enfeksiyon veya safra sisteminin kongenital anomalilerinin yokluğu ile karakterizedir. Ateş, kusma, karın ağrısı, skleralarda ikter, hepatomegali ve sağ hipokondriyumda hassasiyet ile başvuran yedi yaşında bir kız çocuğunu sunduk. Laboratuar incelemeleri, hiperbilirubinemi ve artmış karaciğer enzim düzeylerini göstermekteydi. Bakteriyel veya parazitik enfeksiyon bulgusu yoktu. Viral hepatit serolojisi akut hepatit A enfeksiyonunu göstermekteydi. Abdominal ultrasonografi distandü, hidropik, taşsız safra kesesini göstermekteydi.Bu yazımızda, hepatit A virus enfeksiyonu nedeniyle gelişen akut viral taşsız kolesistitli yedi yaşında bir kız çocuğunu sunduk.

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Gallbladder Hydrops Due to Viral Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Report

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Hepatitis E Virus Infection Caused Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Choledocholithiasis

Hepatitis E Virus Infection Caused Elevation of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Choledocholithiasis

Is conservative management a safe approach for patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis presenting with an acute abdomen?

Hydropic gallbladder in a child due to hepatitis A infection

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