Gallbladder emptying stimuli in obese and normal-weight subjects

Stone, Bradford G.; Ansel, Howard J.; Peterson, Francis J.; Gebhard, Roger L.

doi:10.1002/hep.1840150508

Cited by 69 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Both formulas produced equivalent loss of 22% described and validated. 14,19 Volunteers were then randomized to one body mass, in spite of differences in caloric content. Incentive of the liquid formulas, and gallbladder emptying response to their and supervision resulted in compliance judged to be very good assigned liquid meal (õ1-g fat meal or 10-g fat meal) was measured by a second prediet test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acid composition of jects. 14,16,17,28 After weight loss (week 24), fasting gallbladder bile and serum phospholipids was measured as previously de- viously observed changes in bile cholesterol saturation index and As expected (Fig. 2), the 10-g fat meal stimulated normal gallbladder emptying, we calculated that 10 subjects in each group gallbladder emptying, whereas the õ1 g fat meal produced would be sufficient to detect a 22% difference in gallbladder emptying very poor emptying pretreatment and throughout the weight and a 30% change in saturation index between the two diet treat-loss.…”

Section: High-density Lipoprotein (Hdl) and Low-density Lipoprotein mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings suggest stimuli for gallbladder emptying in both obese and normalthat gallstone risk during rapid weight loss may be reweight individuals. 14,17 Impaired gallbladder emptying has duced by maintenance of gallbladder emptying with a also been reported after gastric bypass surgery. 18 small amount of dietary fat.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…13 Studies of meal-stimulated gallbladder emptying in ids and HMG CoA reductase activity in mononuclear leuobese subjects have given variable results. [14][15][16][17] We and others kocytes fell at week 8 during both diets, but recovered have shown that typical very-low-calorie liquid diets are poor while weight was still being lost. The findings suggest stimuli for gallbladder emptying in both obese and normalthat gallstone risk during rapid weight loss may be reweight individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acid composition of jects. 14,16,17,28 After weight loss (week 24), fasting gallbladder bile and serum phospholipids was measured as previously devolumes and maximal emptying fractions to 20 g fat were scribed, 27 using a Model 5890 GLC fitted with a 30-m 1 0.25-mm HP-INNOWAX capillary column (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA). not significantly changed from prediet (22 { 4 mL and 66 { Statistics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of gallbladder emptying in gallstone formation during diet-induced rapid weight loss

et al. 1996

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nized factors in cholesterol gallstone formation; bile which is Obese persons are at risk for cholesterol gallstones saturated with cholesterol is essential for crystals to form, because their bile is saturated with cholesterol. The risk nucleation factors can influence whether crystals form in satincreases during rapid weight loss by means of certain urated bile, and gallbladder stasis can allow crystal growth. very-low-calorie diets or gastric bypass surgery. GallObesity is associated with increased bile cholesterol secrestone risk factors during rapid weight loss include intion and saturation index. 6 Several studies suggest that bile creased bile cholesterol saturation index and gallbladsaturation index increases further during rapid weight der stasis. Obese subjects were randomized to one of two loss. 1,6,7 In one study, 10 subjects losing weight on a 1,000-low-calorie liquid diets for rapid weight loss: a 520-kcal kcal diet showed reduced output of all bile lipids, but 6 of the diet with less than 2 g fat/d, and a 900-kcal diet with 30 10 increased their bile saturation index. 6 On the other hand, g fat/d (including one 10-g fat meal to stimulate maximal several studies have reported decreased bile saturation index gallbladder emptying). Bile and blood lipids, saturation after 6 to 20 days of fasting. 8,9 Cholesterol may be mobilized index, leukocyte 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme from tissue stores to be secreted into bile during rapid weight A (HMG CoA) reductase activity, and ultrasonographic loss. 6 Decreased bile acid synthesis has also been detected gallbladder emptying were measured repeatedly during during diet-induced weight loss and fasting. 6,9,10 Thus, rapid dietary treatment. Both diets produced comparable weight loss may alter secretion of cholesterol and bile acids weight loss of 22%. Bile cholesterol saturation index inin a manner conducive to gallstone formation. creased during both diets (26%), but fell to 15% below Pro-and antinucleating proteins and mucins are described prediet level after weight loss. Compared with subjects' in gallbladder bile, and may predispose to gallstones. These maximal gallbladder emptying fraction of 66%, the 520-factors could change during rapid weight loss. Shortened kcal diet provided poor gallbladder emptying (35%), crystal nucleation time has been observed during very-lowwhereas the 10-g fat meal of the 900-kcal diet provided calorie liquid diets. 7 Mucin and calcium increased in gallbladmaximal emptying. Gallstones developed in four of six der bile of obese subjects forming gallstones after gastric by-520-kcal subjects and none of seven 900-kcal subjects (P pass. 11,12 Å .021), an unanticipated difference that resulted in preGallbladder emptying may also participate in gallstone formature study termination for ethical reasons. Blood lipmation. 13 Studies of meal-stimulated gallbladder emptying in ids and HMG CoA reductase activity in mononuclear leuobese subjects have given variable results. [14][15][16][17] We and others kocytes fell at week 8 durin...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-density Lipoprotein (Hdl) and Low-density Lipoprotein mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of gallbladder emptying in gallstone formation during diet-induced rapid weight loss

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Obesity and Gallstones

Heshka

Heymsfield

2001

International Textbook of Obesity

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The formation of gallstones (cholelithiasis) has been identified as one of the risks associated with obesity. In this chapter, we:∑ briefly describe the conditions and manner of gallstone formation, ∑ review the prevalence, incidence, or relative risk in various population samples, ∑ review some personal and dietary factors, known or suspected to affect gallstone formation and especially relevant to obesity, ∑ review some methods for prevention and treatment.

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