Gallbladder disease in the morbidly obese

Amaral, Joseph F.; Thompson, William R.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(85)80055-6

Cited by 193 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Obesity is a risk factor for gallbladder pathology, with histological abnormalities including cholelithiasis reported in 45% -96% of morbidly obese patients [6,[17][18][19]. A seven-fold increase in the risk of development of gallstones has been observed in women with BMI ≥ 45 compared to those with BMI < 24 [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgery has been demonstrated to be the most effective method to achieve long-term sustained weight loss in the morbidly obese with resolution of most co-morbidities [1][2][3][4]. Gallbladder disease is one of the most frequent obesity-related co-morbid conditions [5][6][7]. The prevalence of cholelithiasis, symptomatic or not, is directly correlated to the body mass index (BMI) [6,[8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallbladder disease is one of the most frequent obesity-related co-morbid conditions [5][6][7]. The prevalence of cholelithiasis, symptomatic or not, is directly correlated to the body mass index (BMI) [6,[8][9][10]. Additionally, it has been clearly shown that periods of rapid weight loss further enhance the risk of cholesterol cholelithiasis [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has been clearly shown that periods of rapid weight loss further enhance the risk of cholesterol cholelithiasis [11][12][13]. In order to reduce the risk of gallstone formation and its complications, policies of routine prophylactic cholecystectomy [6], use of intra-operative ultrasound for gallstone detection and concomitant cholecystectomy [12,14,15], postoperative use of ursodeoxycholic acid [15,16], regular ultrasound surveillance for asymptomatic gallstone [12,[14][15][16], and their combinations have been suggested. However, none of these have been widely accepted as a standard of practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Gallstone Formation in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abo-Ryia¹,

Abdallah²,

El-Khadrawy³

et al. 2014

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Background: Obesity alone and rapid weight loss induced by bariatric surgery are recognized risk factors for the development of cholelithiasis. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. Patient and methods: The files of all morbidly obese patients underwent bariatric surgery in our unit during the period from March 2003 till October 2010 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients underwent routine preoperative ultrasonography and selective concomitant cholecystectomy was done in all patients with ultrasonographic-confirmed cholelithiasis. After excluding cases with prior and concomitant cholecystectomies, patients were divided into two groups; those who developed gallstones and those who did not and the two groups were compared. Results: Of the 143 reviewed files 135 were eligible to be included in the study. The incidence of cholelithiasis before surgery was 25.9% (35 cases). 19 cases (19%) of the 100 cases free at surgery developed gallstone at a mean of 13.2 months. Comparing the two groups, no significant difference was revealed regarding gender, age, preoperative BMI or type of the operation. But the percent of excess weight loss was significantly higher in the group that formed gallstones. Conclusion: Gender, age, preoperative BMI and type of the operation were not predictive of gallstones formation after bariatric surgery. The percent of excess weight loss was the only predictive postoperative factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Gallstone Formation in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abo-Ryia¹,

Abdallah²,

El-Khadrawy³

et al. 2014

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“…It is believed that the mechanism of gallstone formation in obese people is probably a combination of excess cholesterol saturation of bile [35,36] and reduced gallbladder motor function [37]. It has been found that paradoxically weight reducing is held responsible for induction of gallstone formation [38][39][40][41] and the use of drugs such as chenodeoxycholic acid, uricodeoxycholic acid, terpenes or aspirin, may prevent this in patients on reducing diets [42][43][44][45]. Diabetes mellitus had been reported, though inconclusively, to be associated with gallstones [46] and was found in 22% of females and 19% of males in a series of cholecystectomies reported from Riyadh [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Gallstone Formation in Young Saudi Women: A Case Control Study

Ahmed¹,

Elhassan

Mahmoud³

1992

Ann Saudi Med

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One hundred eighty-three young Saudi females (92 patients with gallstones, 91 controls) mean age and (SD), 30.2 (6.1) and 29.7 (6.4) years respectively were studied in detail for possible risk factors for gallstone formation. No statistically significant difference was found when the two groups were compared with regard to past history of jaundice, HBsAg carrier status, use of oral contraceptives, parity, diabetes mellitus, obesity (as Body Mass Index > 30), hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. However, it was noted that both groups were overweight; mean (SD) BMI of 27 (5.9) and 26.7 (6.8) for patients and controls respectively and both had high parity rates; mean and (SD) pregnancies of 4.7 (2.6) and 4.3 (2.9), respectively. Family history of gallstones in first degree relatives of patients was significant (.0027 < P < .01) more than in the controls (95% confidence interval of 3% to 23% ). This may suggest a genetic or an environmental factor that strikes the balance toward gallstone formation in the obese and fertile young female population. A larger nationwide, population-based study is surely justified and needed. AF Ahmed, OM El-Hassan, ME Mahmoud, Risk Factors for Gallstone Formation in Young Saudi Women: A Case Control Study. 1992; 12(4): 395-399 It is our impression that gallstones are remarkably common in Saudis; no exact prevalence figures are available.Comparison of the prevalence of gallstones among different populations is notoriously difficult not only because of differences in availability of diagnostic facilities and attitudes toward treatment, but many patients who have gallstones remain symptom-free [1]. Thus, in Britain, only one in seven individuals with gallstones results in cholecystectomy [2], whereas in one population-based Italian study, 78% of subjects found to have gallstones were asymptomatic [3].According to our local statistics in Almadinah Almounawarah, approximately 350 to 400 cholecystectomies are performed each year in King Fahd Hospital and Ohud Hospital (Al-madinah Almounawarah's two main Ministry of Health (MOH) general referral hospitals, bed capacity 500 and 200, respectively); approximately 50% of elective laparotomies. A similar rate was reported from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [4].Gallstone risk factors that could not be manipulated were female sex and advanced age [5][6][7][8][9]. We report a case control study of Saudi females, younger than 40 with and without gallstones; in relation to the following factors: parity, contraceptive pill, previous liver disease and HBsAg carrier state, family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes mellitus, plasma lipids and total cholesterol and triglycerides. Subjects and Methods Definition of Cases and ControlsSaudi females younger than 40 who had a positive abdominal ultrasound scan for gallstones (cases) and sexand age-matched subjects with negative scan (controls) were studied. The presence or absence of symptoms or other diseases were not considered as an inclusion or exclusion criteria in selection of the cases and the...

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A case-control study of the relationship between smoking, diet, and gallbladder disease

Pastides¹

1990

Archives of Internal Medicine

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Gallbladder disease in the morbidly obese

Cited by 193 publications

References 42 publications

Predictors of Gallstone Formation in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

Predictors of Gallstone Formation in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study

Risk Factors for Gallstone Formation in Young Saudi Women: A Case Control Study

A case-control study of the relationship between smoking, diet, and gallbladder disease

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