Gall Development and Clone Dynamics of the Galling Aphid &lt;I&gt;Schlechtendalia chinensis&lt;/I&gt; (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae)

Shao, Shihe; Yang, Zixiang; Xiao-ming, Chen

doi:10.1603/ec13114

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although the biological characteristics of R. chinensis and its herbivore S. chinensis have been examined by different labs over the years 23 , 24 , at present, there are no genomic resources available for R. chinensis . A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings for tannin biosynthesis would potentially benefit the tannin industry, which is currently hampered by the lack of information available on transcriptional, proteomic, and genetic analyses of R. chinensis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of tannin accumulation in Rhus galls and genes involved in plant-insect interactions

Chen

Liu

Cui

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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For galling aphids and their hosts, tannins are crucial for plant-insect interactions and for protecting the host plant from herbivory. Due to their peculiar chemical characteristics, tannins from plant galls have been used for medical and chemical purposes for more than 2000 years. In this study, hydrolyzable tannin concentrations in galls increased from gall initiation (38.34% on June 21) to maturation (74.79% on August 8), then decreased gradually thereafter (58.83% on October 12). We identified a total of 81 genes (named as GTS1-81) with putative roles in gallotannin biosynthesis and 22 genes (TS1-22) in condensed tannin biosynthesis. We determined the expression profiles of these genes by real-time PCR over the course of gall development. Multiple genes encoding 1-beta-D-glucosyl transferases were identified, which may play a vital role in gallotannin accumulation in plant galls. This study is the first attempt to examine the molecular basis for the regulation of tannin accumulation in insect gallnuts. The differentially expressed genes we identified may play important roles in both tannin biosynthesis and plant-insect interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of tannin accumulation in Rhus galls and genes involved in plant-insect interactions

Chen

Liu

Cui

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The three galling aphids in our study are host alternation, so they may readily acquire Wolbachia when they free-living on the secondary hosts by shared the same host mosses or attacked by parasitoid wasps which carried Wolbachia. All aphid samples of our study were collected from closed galls, so they are quite different in their living environments, natural enemy pressures and host plants compared to non-galling aphids 20,21,34 . This is probably the reason why they harbor Wolbachia strains or supergroups different to those in free-living aphids 3,4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Wolbachia in natural populations of nine galling Aphid species

Ren

Wei

Yang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Wolbachia is one of the most abundant facultative intracellular symbionts in arthropods. it alters host biology in diverse ways, including the induction of reproductive manipulation, association of nutrient supplier and protection against pathogens. Aphids are a group of insects which exhibit interesting biological characteristics such as complex life cycles, alteration of sexual and asexual reproduction and shifts between two different hosts. Wolbachia is widely present in many orders of insects, but so far limited studies on Wolbachia in aphids have been carried out. Galling aphids are a group of aphids that induce galls on their primary host plants at specific life stage. In this study, 15 natural populations representing nine galling aphid species were analyzed for the presence of Wolbachia using species-specific primer pairs. Wolbachia presence in galling aphids was quite low and varied significantly among aphid populations. Only three of the 15 populations we analyzed had detectable Wolbachia and the overall infection rate was 20%. Two Wolbachia strains, O and B, were identified from the galling aphids Kaburagia rhusicola and Schlechtendalia chinensis. Strain O was for the first time to be found in aphids, and it is likely involved with the life stages of galling aphids living in closed microenvironments with specific survival strategies that are different from free-living aphids. Wolbachia is an intracellular facultative symbiont present widely in arthropods. Wolbachia species such as Wolbachia pipientis have many different strains 1,2. At present, 16 Wolbachia supergroups have been reported, and named A to F and H to Q from insects 3-6. Wolbachia diversity was initially characterized using the genes wsp, 16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA, and groEL as molecular markers 7. One of the consequences of Wolbachia in insects is associated with the induction of different reproductive strategies such as parthenogenesis, feminization, male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) 8-11. In addition to reproduction, Wolbachia can also affect the biological characteristics of its hosts, such as providing host nutrients, protecting hosts from RNA viruses, regulating the age structure of the host populations, and improving the proliferation of host stem cells 13-16. The presence of Wolbachia in insects may put selective pressure more strongly on a host or create reproductive barriers that can lead to speciation. Wolbachia-based methods have also been developed to control the transmission of insect pests and arboviruses 17,18. Aphids are a group of insects, many of which are important pests for agriculture and forestry 18,19. However, some species such as galling aphids can manipulate to plant tissues, resulting in the formation of galls, which can provide protection for aphids from predators 20-22. Like most aphids, galling aphids exhibit complex biological traits and a complicated life cycle, such as sexual and asexual reproduction, and alternating between two host species 23. Among galling aphids, Chinese galling aphids are s...

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“…chinensis is Rhus chinensis (Sumac tree) and the secondary host is Plagiomnium maximoviczii (moss). In early spring in China, sexuparae migrate from mosses to the trunk of Sumac trees to produce sexually reproductive females and males that subsequently mate to produce fundatrix, which feed on rachides wings and induce the formation of galls [ 16 , 17 ]. Within a gall, S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation and diversification of the microbiome of Schlechtendalia chinensis on two alternate host plants

Chen

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Schlechtendalia chinensis, a gall-inducing aphid, has two host plants in its life cycle. Its wintering host is a moss (typically Plagiomnium maximoviczii) and its main host is Rhus chinensis (Sumac), on which it forms galls during the summer. This study investigated bacteria associated with S. chinensis living on the two different host plants by sequencing 16S rRNAs. A total of 183 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from 50 genera were identified from aphids living on moss, whereas 182 OTUs from 49 genera were found from aphids living in Sumac galls. The most abundant bacterial genus among identified OTUs from aphids feeding on both hosts was Buchnera. Despite similar numbers of OTUs, the composition of bacterial taxa showed significant differences between aphids living on moss and those living on R. chinensis. Specifically, there were 12 OTUs from 5 genera (family) unique to aphids living on moss, and 11 OTUs from 4 genera (family) unique to aphids feeding in galls on R. chinensis. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) also revealed that bacteria from moss-residing aphids clustered differently from aphids collected from galls. Our results provide a foundation for future analyses on the roles of symbiotic bacteria in plant-aphid interactions in general, and how gall-specific symbionts differ in this respect.

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Gall Development and Clone Dynamics of the Galling Aphid <I>Schlechtendalia chinensis</I> (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular mechanisms of tannin accumulation in Rhus galls and genes involved in plant-insect interactions

Molecular mechanisms of tannin accumulation in Rhus galls and genes involved in plant-insect interactions

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Wolbachia in natural populations of nine galling Aphid species

Variation and diversification of the microbiome of Schlechtendalia chinensis on two alternate host plants

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