Galen’s Prophecy

Kagan, Jerome; Snidman, Nancy; Arcus, Doreen; Reznick, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.4324/9780429500282

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…These researchers categorised infants into qualitative groups of infant reactivity, based on a theoretical framework concerning differences in the excitability of limbic structures, and applied this model to observational judgments of motor and crying reactions in infants (Kagan, 1994a). Taxometric analyses, which are expressively designed to distinguish taxa from dimensions (Ruscio & Ruscio, 2004), supported their theoretical framework, by showing that a minority (around 10%) of infants were highly reactive to visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli, with the remainder falling into a less reactive group (Woodward, Lenzenweger, Kagan, Snidman, & Arcus, 2000).…”

Section: Sps As a Category Or Continuum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the Context of Environmental Sensitivity: A Critical Review and Development of Research Agenda

Greven

Lionetti

Booth

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a trait describing inter-individual differences in sensitivity to environments, both positive and negative ones. SPS has attracted growing societal interest. However, (neuro)scientific evidence is lagging behind. We critically discuss how to measure SPS, how it relates to other theories of Environmental Sensitivity and other temperament and personality traits, how SPS interacts with environments to influence (a)typical development, what the underlying aetiologies and mechanisms are, and its relation to mental disorders involving sensory sensitivities. Drawing on the diverse expertise of the authors, we set an agenda for future research to stimulate the field. We conclude that SPS is a heritable, evolutionarily conserved trait, linked to increased risk for psychopathology and stress-related problems in response to negative environments, as well as to greater benefits (e.g., intervention responsivity, positive mood) in positive environments. We need advances in objective assessment of SPS, understanding mechanisms, differentiating it from (seemingly) related mental disorders, to exploit the potential of SPS to improve mental health, preserve human capital, and prevent adverse effects.

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Section: Sps As a Category Or Continuum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the Context of Environmental Sensitivity: A Critical Review and Development of Research Agenda

Greven

Lionetti

Booth

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Autonomic hyperarousal typically measured as elevated heart rate (HR), reduced heart rate variability (HRV), and increased electrodermal activity (EDA) is considered to be a marker of genetic vulnerability to anxiety disorders (Kagan, 1994;Turner, Beidel, & Epstein, 1991). Autonomic hyperarousal in social situations plays a key role in cognitive models of SAD (Clark & Wells, 1995;Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) and is part of the diagnostic criteria for SAD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high‐risk study

Nikolić

Vente

Colonnesi

et al. 2016

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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This study adds to the current knowledge on the intergenerational transmission of SAD by providing evidence that children at risk for SAD are characterized by excessive blushing in socially challenging situations. The findings also demonstrate that heightened autonomic activity is a characteristic of social anxiety already during early childhood. Hence, autonomic hyperarousal, and blushing in particular, is likely to play an etiological role in the development of SAD.

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“…These findings further demonstrate the value of looking to infancy for temperament precursors of later maladaptive behaviors and suggest that some infants demonstrate a temperamental constellation of behaviors that makes them more vulnerable to poorer later outcomes than infants with a different constellation. This suggestion is not novel but supports similar postulations made by Chess and Thomas (1999), Kagan (1994), and others (Belsky et al, 1998).…”

Section: Relations Between Infant Temperament and Other Child Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Kagan and Fox join Chess and Thomas in acknowledging the role of developmental change over time in how the child's temperament is behaviorally demonstrated, but place particular emphasis on the underlying physiological and neurological substrates of temperament that regulate such behavior change. Although temperament is biologically inherited and present from birth, these researchers have identified inherited traits that require additional brain, self-regulatory, and other developmental maturation before influencing behaviors (Kagan, 1994). Specifically, Kagan and Fox and their colleagues (Fox, Henderson, Rubin, Calkins, & Schmidt, 2001;Kagan et al, 1998) focus on behavioral inhibition, a temperament construct that is similar to Chess and Thomas's approach-withdrawal dimension and slow-to-warm-up category.…”

Section: Definition Of Temperamentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow-to-warm-up temperament in infancy as a predictor of concurrent and later child and maternal behaviors

Stoltzfus¹

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Little is known about the slow-to-warm-up infant temperament. The present study evaluated the usefulness of this temperament as conceptualized by Thomas and Chess in predicting child and maternal parenting behaviors, with a particular focus on its conceptual link to child inhibition. Participants were 1,072 mothers and their children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Slow-to-warm-up temperament in infancy did predict later inhibition, p = .000, but not as well as the difficult temperament or the individual temperament subscales of mood and approach. Including maternal sensitivity and stimulation and support increased the prediction of inhibition from the slow-to-warm-up temperament but only slightly, and only when very high or low levels of these parenting behaviors were considered. Findings suggest that the slow-towarm-up temperament may need to be redefined in order to identify children with a qualitatively different developmental trajectory from children with the difficult temperament. Future research considering the broader social context is needed to better understand the development of infants with slow-to-warm-up temperament.

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Galen’s Prophecy

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the Context of Environmental Sensitivity: A Critical Review and Development of Research Agenda

Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the Context of Environmental Sensitivity: A Critical Review and Development of Research Agenda

Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high‐risk study

Slow-to-warm-up temperament in infancy as a predictor of concurrent and later child and maternal behaviors

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