Galectin-9 bridges human B cells to vascular endothelium while programming regulatory pathways

Chakraborty, Asmi; Staudinger, Caleb; King, Sandra L.; Erickson, Frances Clemente; Lau, Lee Seng; Bernasconi, Angela E; Luscinskas, Francis W.; Perlyn, Chad A.; Dimitroff, Charles J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102575

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The mRNA expression levels of three other galectins (galectin-2, -4, -12) were low and not confirmed at the protein level, while mRNA expression of the remaining galectins (galectin-7, -10, -13, -14) could not be detected at all. The findings of this extensive galectin profiling study corroborated previous observations [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and were later confirmed by different research groups in endothelial cells from variable origins [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Only recently, it was reported that galectin-2 protein expression was also detectable in endothelial cells, albeit in a specific context, i.e., in fetal endothelial cells in the placenta of women with gestational diabetes mellitus [ 25 ].…”

Section: Endothelial Galectin Expressionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…For example, galectin-8 and galectin-9 expressions are reduced in serum-activated primary isolated endothelial cells as compared to non-activated counterparts [ 22 ]. At the same time, treatment with interferon gamma (IFNγ) can trigger the endothelial expression of galectin-9 [ 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 ]. IFNγ, as well as other cytokines, was also shown to increase endothelial galectin-1 expression [ 16 , 30 ], and more recently, cathepsin L was found to induce endothelial expression of galectin-1 [ 31 ].…”

Section: Endothelial Galectin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, research over the last three decades has shown that adequate expression and function of galectins is required in multiple endothelial cell activities related to, e.g., inflammation and immunomodulation [ 55 ], coagulation [ 56 ], and angiogenesis [ 9 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. While there is increasing interest in the immunomodulatory functions of endothelial galectins [ 24 , 60 ], this review will solely focus on the angioregulatory role. In particular, the role of the individual endothelial galectins in cellular functions related to angiogenesis will be highlighted.…”

Section: Galectins In Endothelial Cell Function and Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galectins in Endothelial Cell Biology and Angiogenesis: The Basics

Thijssen

2021

Biomolecules

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Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels out of existing vessels, is a complex and tightly regulated process. It is executed by the cells that cover the inner surface of the vasculature, i.e., the endothelial cells. During angiogenesis, these cells adopt different phenotypes, which allows them to proliferate and migrate, and to form tube-like structures that eventually result in the generation of a functional neovasculature. Multiple internal and external cues control these processes and the galectin protein family was found to be indispensable for proper execution of angiogenesis. Over the last three decades, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been linked to endothelial cell functioning and to different steps of the angiogenesis cascade. This review provides a basic overview of our current knowledge regarding galectins in angiogenesis. It covers the main findings with regard to the endothelial expression of galectins and highlights their role in endothelial cell function and biology.

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Section: Endothelial Galectin Expressionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Endothelial Galectin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Galectins In Endothelial Cell Function and Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galectins in Endothelial Cell Biology and Angiogenesis: The Basics

Thijssen

2021

Biomolecules

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“…Surface expression of galectin-3 on HUVEC is increased in response to treatment with IL-1b (36). Interestingly, stimulation of HUVEC with IFN-b/g did not increase expression of galectin-3 (or galectin-1), though a significant increase in galectin-9 surface expression was observed (26). More complex cocktails of soluble disease mediators, such as those released in the conditioned culture medium from colon carcinoma cell lines and in mixtures of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, a known driver of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, stimulated galectin-1 translocation to the cell surface in HUVEC and HAEC (22,25).…”

Section: Regulation Of Galectin Expression In Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Interestingly, the cellular localization of endothelial galectin expression is highly variable between the different vascular tissue beds (22,25). Specialized high endothelial venules (HEV) present in sections of human lymph node and tonsil tissue showed higher levels of galectin-9 expression than ECs in other vascular beds (26). Conversely, galectin-3 was not detected and galectin-1 expression was relatively low in HEV from healthy human lymph node sections (25,27).…”

Section: Regulation Of Galectin Expression In Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Galectins in Leukocyte Trafficking

2021

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Leukocyte recruitment to the site of injury is a crucial event in the regulation of an inflammatory response. Tight regulation of interactions between the endothelium and circulating leukocytes is necessary to ensure a protective response to injury does not result in inflammatory disease. Rising interest in the broad immunoregulatory roles displayed by members of the glycan-binding galectin family suggests that these proteins could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, since their expression is significantly altered in disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of galectins in leukocyte trafficking during inflammation and the clinical approaches being taken to target these interactions for treatment of inflammatory disease.

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Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity

Thijssen

2024

Semin Immunopathol

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Sustained tumor angiogenesis, i.e., the induction and maintenance of blood vessel growth by tumor cells, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The vascularization of malignant tissues not only facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, but also contributes to immune evasion. Important players in all these processes are the endothelial cells which line the luminal side of blood vessel. In the tumor vasculature, these cells are actively involved in angiogenesis as well in the hampered recruitment of immune cells. This is the result of the abnormal tumor microenvironment which triggers both angiostimulatory and immune inhibitory gene expression profiles in endothelial cells. In recent years, it has become evident that galectins constitute a protein family that is expressed in the tumor endothelium. Moreover, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been found to facilitate tumor angiogenesis and stimulate immune suppression. All this has identified galectins as potential therapeutic targets to simultaneously hamper tumor angiogenesis and alleviate immune suppression. The current review provides a brief introduction in the human galectin protein family. The current knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of galectins in endothelial cells is summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the role that endothelial galectins play in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunomodulation is provided. Finally, some outstanding questions are discussed that should be addressed by future research efforts. This will help to fully understand the contribution of endothelial galectins to tumor progression and to exploit endothelial galectins for cancer therapy.

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Galectin-9 bridges human B cells to vascular endothelium while programming regulatory pathways

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Galectins in Endothelial Cell Biology and Angiogenesis: The Basics

Galectins in Endothelial Cell Biology and Angiogenesis: The Basics

Vascular Endothelial Galectins in Leukocyte Trafficking

Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity

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