Galectin‐3 is not useful in thyroid FNA

Mills, L. J.; Poller, DN; Yiangou, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2005.00213.x

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, Gal-3 protein might be an additional and valuable molecular tool not only to augment the diagnosis of malignant intra-prostatic disease but to also determine the biological activity with regard to the intra-cellular localization of the protein [5]. The observation that already benign glands in the neighborhood of the primary solid tumors as well as PIN lesions tissues exhibit a staining pattern that is substantially different from that in prostate specimens obtained from patients with benign prostatic disease might help to differentiate more precisely between benign and malignant biopsies as supposed for small needle biopsies from thyroid cancer [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of decreased Galectin‐3 expression in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer

et al. 2007

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Drosophila telomeres comprise DNA sequences that differ dramatically from those of other eukaryotes. Telomere functions, however, are similar to those found in telomerase‐based telomeres, even though the underlying mechanisms may differ. Drosophila telomeres use arrays of retrotransposons to maintain chromosome length, while nearly all other eukaryotes rely on telomerase‐generated short repeats. Regardless of the DNA sequence, several end‐binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Away from the end, the Drosophila telomeric and subtelomeric DNA sequences are complexed with unique combinations of proteins that also modulate chromatin structure elsewhere in the genome. Maintaining and regulating the transcriptional activity of the telomeric retrotransposons in Drosophila requires specific chromatin structures and, while telomeric silencing spreads from the terminal repeats in yeast, the source of telomeric silencing in Drosophila is the subterminal arrays. However, the subterminal arrays in both species may be involved in telomere–telomere associations and/or communication. BioEssays 30:25–37, 2008. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of decreased Galectin‐3 expression in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer

et al. 2007

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“…Although many reports have been published on this issue during the last decade (about 100 papers are displayed in Pub Med since 1997) some authors experienced conflicting results with the use of galectin-3 for improving diagnosis of follicular thyroid proliferations (Martins et al, 2002;Niedziela et al, 2002;Feilchenfeldt et al, 2003;JakubiakWielganowicz et al, 2003;De-Leon-Mazariegos et al, 2004;Mehrotra et al, 2004;Mills et al, 2005). However, some of these reports show major methodological problems (Herrmann et al, 2002;Bartolazzi et al, 2003;Bartolazzi and Bussolati, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If it is true that FNA-derived cellular specimens are obtained and handled more easily and cheaply than LNAB-derived small tissue fragments, it should be mentioned that the occurrence of inadequate cytological specimens is higher with FNA than with LNAB preparations obtained with 20-gauge needle (Carpi et al, 1996(Carpi et al, , 1998. It has been recently reported that about 23% of thyroid aspirates have a low cellularity and are not suitable for cell-block preparation and galectin-3 immunostaining (Mills et al, 2005). In our experience, LNAB performed with 20-gauge needle retrieves much more tissue than FNA to be processed as paraffin-embedded cell block (Gasbarri et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large needle aspiration biopsy and galectin-3 determination in selected thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA-cytology

et al. 2006

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Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA)-cytology is widely used for the preoperative characterisation of thyroid nodules but this task is difficult for follicular lesions, which often remain undefined. We propose a strategy for improving the preoperative characterisation of selected follicular thyroid proliferations, which is based on large needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB) and galectin-3 expression analysis. Eighty-five thyroid specimens were obtained by LNAB (20-gauge needles) from thyroid nodules with indeterminate follicular FNA-cytology. Aspirated material was processed as a tissue microbiopsy to obtain cell blocks for both cyto/ histo-morphological evaluation and galectin-3 expression analysis, by using a purified monoclonal antibody to galectin-3 and a biotinfree immunoperoxidase staining method. Preoperative diagnosis was compared to the final histology. LNAB and cell-block technique allow a preliminary distinction between nodules with a homogeneous microfollicular/trabecular structure, as frequently observed in tumours, and lesions with mixed normo -micro -macrofollicular architecture, as observed in goitre. Furthermore, LNAB provides optimal substrates for galectin-3 expression analysis. Among 85 cases tested, 14 galectin-3-positive cases were discovered preoperatively (11 thyroid cancers and three adenomas confirmed at the final histology), whereas galectin-3-negative cases were 71 (one carcinoma and 70 benign proliferations at the final histology). Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of this integrated morphologic and phenotypic diagnostic approach were 91.6, 97.2 and 95.3%, respectively. In conclusion, LNAB plus galectin-3 expression analysis when applied preoperatively to selected thyroid nodules candidate to surgery can potentially reduce unnecessary thyroid resections.

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“…In addition, Shi et al and Yang et al have shown that if AUS cases are forced into either lower or higher diagnostic risk categories, the latter results in diminished sensitivity for detecting thyroid neoplasms, with increased false-negative and false-positive rates, making thyroid FNA a less effective screening test. 31,47 Future Directions Although to our knowledge immunohistochemistry has only a very limited role in thyroid cytology, [48][49][50] molecular testing using markers such as BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and paired box gene (PAX)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c (PPAR-c) shows more promise for wider applicability. [51][52][53][54] A BRAF mutation or RET/PTC gene rearrangement has very high specificity for PTC.…”

Section: Why Use the Aus/flus Category?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: Past, present, and future

Bongiovanni

Krane

Cibas

et al. 2011

Cancer Cytopathology

109

105

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Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration has developed into a key test in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Although the interpretation of thyroid aspirates containing mild abnormalities is problematic, the introduction of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has helped to delineate such cases in a systematic and clinically meaningful manner. Herein the authors review the cytomorphologic features associated with the AUS/FLUS interpretation and summarize the results of studies conducted since the implementation of TBSRTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

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Galectin‐3 is not useful in thyroid FNA

Abstract: Galectin-3 immunohistochemistry does not appear to be a useful adjunct to diagnosis in thyroid FNA as it does not reliably distinguish malignant and benign lesions. Many thyroid aspirates are of low cellularity and are not suitable for cell block immunohistochemistry.

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Involvement of decreased Galectin‐3 expression in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer

Involvement of decreased Galectin‐3 expression in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer

Large needle aspiration biopsy and galectin-3 determination in selected thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA-cytology

The atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: Past, present, and future

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