Galectin-3-expression analysis in the surgical selection of follicular thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytology: a prospective multicentre study

Early diagnosis by FNA cytology should not influence the outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer

“…patients who had undergone FNA cytology before surgery and patients with no preoperative FNA cytology) was analyzed by chi squared or Fisher lar margin and microcalcifications), and scintigraphy (i.e. cold nodule) are traditionally considered as risk factors for thyroid malignancy [9][10][11][12][13][14]. As such, those lesions carrying these characteristics need to be carefully examined [5][6][7][8].…”

The atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: Past, present, and future

“…In addition, Shi et al and Yang et al have shown that if AUS cases are forced into either lower or higher diagnostic risk categories, the latter results in diminished sensitivity for detecting thyroid neoplasms, with increased false-negative and false-positive rates, making thyroid FNA a less effective screening test. 31,47 Future Directions Although to our knowledge immunohistochemistry has only a very limited role in thyroid cytology, [48][49][50] molecular testing using markers such as BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and paired box gene (PAX)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c (PPAR-c) shows more promise for wider applicability. [51][52][53][54] A BRAF mutation or RET/PTC gene rearrangement has very high specificity for PTC.…”

Advances in Tumor Markers for the Early Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

“…Gal-3 have a highly sensitivity but the specificity is lowly relatively in the differential diagnosis of benign thyroid carcinoma, malignant thyroid carcinoma and normal tissue, at the same study found that Gal-3 could become a potential therapeutic target for invasive PTC. Bartolazzi A [13] was differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid by Gal-3, and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 89.65% in the diagnosis of PTC. The Gal-3 of 183 cases has detected which were indeterminate before operative diagnosis through FNAC using environmental scanning electron microscope immuno-gold labeling technique (ESEM-IGL), and the result shows that the sensitivity is 71.2%, the specificity is 53.3%, and the diagnosis rate is 61.2%, which was similar to the immunohistochemistry [14].…”