Galectin-3: An Early Marker of Gestational Diabetes, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Tumor Progression

Briana, Despina D.; Malamitsi‐Puchner, Ariadne

doi:10.1177/0003319719831870

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some studies indicate the potential involvement of galectin 3 in the pathogenesis of GDM. It is assumed that this protein that belongs to a family of β-galactoside binding proteins expresses pro-fibrotic, proinflammatory features and promotes angiogenesis through new capillary formation [ 34 ]. Galectin 3 is also known as Mac-2, CBP-35, RL29, or eBP.…”

Section: Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ruszała

Niebrzydowska

Pilszyk

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. It may also affect the later stages of child development and subsequent complications in the mother. Therefore, the crux of the matter is to find a biopredictor capable of singling out women at risk of developing GDM as early as the very start of pregnancy. Apart from the well-known molecules with a proven and clear-cut role in the pathogenesis of GDM, e.g., adiponectin and leptin, a potential role of newer biomolecules is also emphasized. Less popular and less known factors with different mechanisms of action include: galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The aim of this review is to present the potential and significance of these 13 less known biomolecules in the pathogenesis of GDM. It seems that high levels of FABP4, low levels of irisin, and high levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of pregnant women can be used as predictive markers in the diagnosis of GDM. Hopefully, future clinical trials will be able to determine which biomolecules have the most potential to predict GDM.

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Section: Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ruszała

Niebrzydowska

Pilszyk

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In addition, the Talmor-Barkan Y et al study also showed elevated gal-3 levels in the bloodstream during the first trimester in women who subsequently developed GDM (81). Furthermore, neonates from GDM mothers have higher gal-3 level in cord blood when compared to those from uneventful pregnancies (82). Studies investigating the chimera type galectin mainly differ in the population included in the clinical cohort used (especially in the BMI and ethnicity of the GDM group) and also in the pairs of antibodies used in the ELISA determination.…”

Section: Possible Contributory Factors To Gdmmentioning

confidence: 87%

Immunobiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Post-Medawar Era

et al. 2022

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Although the concepts related to fetal immune tolerance proposed by Sir Peter Medawar in the 1950s have not withstood the test of time, they revolutionized our current understanding of the immunity at the maternal-fetal interface. An important extension of the original Medawar paradigm is the investigation into the underlying mechanisms for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although a common pregnancy complication with systemic symptoms, GDM still lacks understanding of immunological perturbations associated with the pathological processes, particularly at the maternal-fetal interface. GDM has been characterized by low grade systemic inflammation that exacerbates maternal immune responses. In this regard, GDM may also entail mild autoimmune pathology by dysregulating circulating and uterine regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this review article is to focus on maternal-fetal immunological tolerance phenomenon and discuss how local or systemic inflammation has been programmed in GDM. Specifically, this review addresses the following questions: Does the inflammatory or exhausted Treg population affecting the Th17:Treg ratio lead to the propensity of a pro-inflammatory environment? Do glycans and glycan-binding proteins (mainly galectins) contribute to the biology of immune responses in GDM? Our understanding of these important questions is still elementary as there are no well-defined animal models that mimic all the features of GDM or can be used to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings associated with this common pregnancy complication. In this review, we will leverage our preliminary studies and the literature to provide a conceptualized discussion on the immunobiology of GDM.

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“…Gal-3 levels increased when mothers presented with gestational diabetes [ 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 ]. Women with late-onset GDM exhibited raised gal-3 levels in the first trimester, suggesting that gal-3 in the first trimester can serve as a predictor of GDM and may be related with increased insulin resistance [ 166 , 168 ].…”

Section: Galectins In Pregnancy Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies

Chen

Shi

Zheng

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Galectins (Gal) are characterized by their affinity for galactoside structures on glycoconjugates. This relationship is mediated by carbohydrate recognition domains, which are multifunctional regulators of basic cellular biological processes with high structural similarity among family members. They participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in reproductive immunology. Recently, the discovery that galectins are highly expressed at the maternal–fetal interface has garnerd the interest of experts in human reproduction. Galectins are involved in a variety of functions such as maternal–fetal immune tolerance, angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion and placental development and are considered to be important mediators of successful embryo implantation and during pregnancy. Dysregulation of these galectins is associated with abnormal and pathological pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth). Our work reviews the regulatory mechanisms of galectins in normal and pathological pregnancies and has implications for clinicians in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.

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Galectin-3: An Early Marker of Gestational Diabetes, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Tumor Progression

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Immunobiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Post-Medawar Era

Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies

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