Galectin-1 and -3 in cells of the first trimester placental bed

Vićovac, Ljiljana; Janković, Miroslava; Čuperlović, Margita

doi:10.1093/humrep/13.3.730

Cited by 82 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on its highly conserved dimerization and sugar-binding properties, we propose that the immunoregulatory functions of galectin-1 are conserved across vertebrates, in accord with our observation that intense purifying selection has been acting on galectin-1 (Dataset S5). When this finding is viewed in the light of embryonic, placental, and chorioamniotic expression of LGALS1 during mammalian development (23,24,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), it provides support for a previous prediction (26) that genes expressed early in fetal development are under more selective constraint than those expressed only later in life.…”

Section: Highly Conserved Structure and Functional Domains Of Galectisupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Accumulating evidence suggests that several immunoregulatory molecules, including galectin-1, may have been incorporated by the placenta and uterine mucosa during mammalian evolution to confer this tolerance (2-4, 7-9, 11). Indeed, galectin-1 is abundantly expressed in human third trimester placentas and extraembryonic membranes (23,24,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), and its up-regulation in the placenta in preeclampsia as well as in the extraembryonic membranes in chorioamnionitis (31-33) suggests a fetal contribution to anti-inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: Implication in maternal–fetal immune tolerance

Than

Romero²,

Erez³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Galectin-1 is an anti-inflammatory lectin with pleiotropic regulatory functions at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. It is expressed in immune privileged sites and is implicated in establishing maternal-fetal immune tolerance, which is essential for successful pregnancy in eutherian mammals. Here, we show conserved placental localization of galectin-1 in primates and its predominant expression in maternal decidua. Phylogenetic footprinting and shadowing unveil conserved cis motifs, including an estrogen responsive element in the 5 promoter of LGALS1, that were gained during the emergence of placental mammals and could account for sex steroid regulation of LGALS1 expression, thus providing additional evidence for the role of galectin-1 in immuneendocrine cross-talk. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of 27 publicly available vertebrate and seven newly sequenced primate LGALS1 coding sequences reveal that intense purifying selection has been acting on residues in the carbohydrate recognition domain and dimerization interface that are involved in immune functions. Parsimony-and codon model-based phylogenetic analysis of coding sequences show that amino acid replacements occurred in early mammalian evolution on key residues, including gain of cysteines, which regulate immune functions by redox status-mediated conformational changes that disable sugar binding and dimerization, and that the acquired immunoregulatory functions of galectin-1 then became highly conserved in eutherian lineages, suggesting the emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals may be implicated in maternal-fetal immune tolerance.decidua ͉ estrogen ͉ glycocode ͉ immune-endocrine cross-talk ͉ pregnancy T he success of mammalian pregnancy, in which the developing fetus and mother exchange nutrients, gases, and other molecules via the chorioallantoic placenta, requires maternal immune tolerance to fetal allo-antigens (1-4). This tolerance presumably prevents the occurrence of exaggerated inflammation at the implantation site and reduces the danger of destructive immune attacks on the fetus, a danger that the first mammals with an invasive placenta would have faced (5, 6). It seems likely that mechanisms for immune tolerance to invasive placentation were already functioning in the early placental mammals and that immunoregulatory molecules, which had existed before the mammalian placenta evolved, were incorporated in this tolerance and have undergone evolutionary modifications coincident with the emergence of the mammalian placenta. Here, we present evidence that such modifications occurred in a key immunoregulatory molecule, galectin-1.Molecules that have been implicated in conferring maternalfetal immune tolerance include galectin-1, B7 proteins, Crry, Fas ligand, HLA-G, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (2-4, 7-11). These proteins are involved in pathways regulating adaptive or innate immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and their di...

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Section: Highly Conserved Structure and Functional Domains Of Galectisupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: Implication in maternal–fetal immune tolerance

Than

Romero²,

Erez³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Galectin-1 expression has been previously demonstrated in the endometrium, decidua, and human placenta (villous stroma, endothelial cells, as well as syncytio-and cyto-trophoblast) [148][149][150][151][152]. Our group has recently demonstrated, by in situ hybridization and immunostaining, that galectin-1 mRNA and protein are abundantly expressed in all the cell types of fetal membranes (amnion epithelial cells, chorionic trophoblasts, mesenchymal cells) and decidual stromal cells in the third trimester [153].…”

Section: Il-10: a Cytokine That Dampens Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 97%

The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: A role for interleukin-10

Gotsch

Romero

Kusanovic

et al. 2008

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

121

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Objective. The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response is crucial for dampening inflammation. Spontaneous parturition at term and preterm labor (PTL) are mediated by inflammation in the cervix, membranes, and myometrium. This study focuses on the changes in the amniotic fluid concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is a relationship between amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-10 and gestational age, parturition (at term and preterm), and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). Study design. A cross-sectional study was conducted including 301 pregnant women in the following groups: (1) midtrimester of pregnancy who delivered at term (n ¼ 112); (2) mid-trimester who delivered preterm neonates (n ¼ 30); (3) term not in labor without IAI (n ¼ 40); (4) term in labor without IAI (n ¼ 24); (5) term in labor with IAI (n ¼ 20); (6) PTL without IAI who delivered at term (n ¼ 31); (7) PTL without IAI who delivered preterm (n ¼ 30); (8) PTL with IAI who delivered preterm (n ¼ 14). IL-10 concentrations in amniotic fluid were determined by a specific and sensitive immunoassay. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Results.(1) IL-10 was detectable in amniotic fluid and its median concentration did not change with gestational age from mid-trimester to term. (2) Patients in labor at term had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid IL-10 concentration than that of patients at term not in labor (p ¼ 0.04). (3) Women at term in labor with IAI had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid IL-10 concentration than that of patients at term in labor without IAI (p ¼ 0.02). (4) Women with PTL and IAI who delivered preterm had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid concentration of IL-10 than those without IAI who delivered preterm and than those who delivered at term (p ¼ 0.009 and p 5 0.001, respectively). (5) Among patients with preterm labor without IAI, those who delivered preterm had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid IL-10 concentration than those who delivered at term (p ¼ 0.03). Conclusions. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is detectable in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnant women. Spontaneous parturition at term and in preterm gestation is associated with increased amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-10. IAI (preterm and at term) is also associated with increased amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-10. We propose that IL-10 has a role in the regulation of the immune response in vivo by initiating actions that dampen inflammation.

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“…34 Up-regulation of Gal-3 in both pre-eclamptic and Hemolytic anemia Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count extravillous trophoblast (EVT) may compensate for the reduced trophoblast invasion observed in both types of pathologic pregnancies. [35][36][37][38][39] Gal-4 binds to glycosphingolipids. 40,41 Furthermore, Gal-4 promotes adhesion of human colon adenocarcinoma cells.…”

Section: Role Of Galectins In Trophoblast Invasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW ARTICLE: Governing the Invasive Trophoblast: Current Aspects on Intra‐ and Extracellular Regulation

Fitzgerald

Germeyer

Huppertz

et al. 2010

American J Rep Immunol

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Citation Fitzgerald JS, Germeyer A, Huppertz B, Jeschke U, Knöfler M, Moser G, Scholz C, Sonderegger S, Toth B, Markert UR. Governing the invasive trophoblast: current aspects on intra‐ and extracellular regulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010This review summarizes several aspects especially of regulating factors governing trophoblast invasion. Those include the composition of the extracellular matrix containing a variety of matrix metalloproeinases and their inhibitors, but also intracellular signals. Furthermore, a newly described trophoblast subtype, the endoglandular trophoblast, is presented. Its presence may provide a possible mechanism for opening and connecting uterine glands into the intervillous space. Amongst others, two intracellular signalling pathways are crucial for regulation of trophoblast functions and development: Wnt‐ and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. Wnt signalling promotes implantation, placentation and trophoblast differentiation. Several Wnt‐dependent cascades and regulatory mechanisms display different functions in trophoblast cells. The STAT3 signalling system is fundamental for induction and regulation of invasiveness in physiological trophoblastic cells, but also in tumours. The role of galectins (Gal) in trophoblast regulation and placenta development comes increasingly into focus. The Gal‐ 1–4, 7–10 and 12–14 have been detected in humans. Detailed information is only available for Gal‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐9 and ‐12 in endometrium and decidua. Gal‐1, ‐3 and ‐13 (‐14) have been detected and studied in trophoblast cells.

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Galectin-1 and -3 in cells of the first trimester placental bed

Cited by 82 publications

References 36 publications

Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: Implication in maternal–fetal immune tolerance

Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: Implication in maternal–fetal immune tolerance

The anti-inflammatory limb of the immune response in preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, and spontaneous parturition at term: A role for interleukin-10

REVIEW ARTICLE: Governing the Invasive Trophoblast: Current Aspects on Intra‐ and Extracellular Regulation

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