Galangin: A food‐derived flavonoid with therapeutic potential against a wide spectrum of diseases

Abstract

Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been disclosed, including anti‐inflammation, antibacterial effect, anti‐oxidative stress and aging, anti‐fibrosis, and antihypertensive effect. Based on the above bioactivities, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galangin in neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin diseases, and cancer. In this paper, the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of galangin against various diseases were systematically reviewed by collecting and summarizing relevant literature. In addition, the molecular mechanism and new preparation of galangin in the treatment of related diseases are also discussed, to broaden the application prospect and provide reference for its clinical application. Furthermore, it should be noted that current toxicity and clinical studies of galangin are insufficient, and more evidence is needed to support its possibility as a functional food.

An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer

“…The effect of galangin on GC cell growth was also investigated in vivo by conducting a mouse study. A reduction in the ratio of p-JAK2/JAK2 (Janus-associated kinase) and p-STAT3/STAT3, protein expression of Bcl-2, CASP3, and Ki67 was demonstrated, while increased protein expression of cleaved CASP3 and cleaved PARP was observed [31,97]. A comparative study comparing the effects of galangin and quercetin on the SGC-7901 GC cell line showed greater efficacy of galangin, which inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).…”

“…Galangin is a natural flavonoid compound [(3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (C 15 H 10 O 5 )]. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and apoptotic activities [30][31][32]. Research is being conducted on its use in the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, obesity, rheumatoid inflammation, arthritis, neuropathy, or osteoporosis [31,32].…”

“…It has been suggested that galangin may show promise in the treatment of GC. New studies indicate that galangin reduces the viability of the GC cell line MGC 803 by inducing early and late apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, decreasing cell viability by modulating STAT3 activation, and increasing ROS production in vitro while showing low cytotoxicity to normal cells [31,97].…”

“…Cell apoptosis was associated with the decreased expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 (CASP3), increased protein expression of cleaved CASP3, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) with no change in Bax expression in the GC cell line tested. It was observed that the substance caused a reduction in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 mRNA and protein [31,97]. The effect of galangin on GC cell growth was also investigated in vivo by conducting a mouse study.…”

“…It is suggested that further experiments are needed, and studies are being conducted to obtain extracts that are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract [176]. The use of galangin in clinical settings may be hampered by its characteristic chemical properties (as a 3hydroxyflavone, it has low solubility in water) [31].…”