Galactinol Is a Signaling Component of the Induced Systemic Resistance Caused by <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> O6 Root Colonization

Kim, Mi Seong; Cho, Song Mi; Kang, Eun Young; Im, Young Jun; Hwangbo, Hoon; Kim, Young Cheol; Ryu, Choong‐Min; Yang, Kwang-Yeol; Chung, Gap Chae; Cho, Baik Ho

doi:10.1094/mpmi-21-12-1643

Cited by 132 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These changes in overexpressing lines, previously shown to be more resistant against fungal and bacterial infections (Almasia et al, 2008), could also be linked to some extent to the irx-mediated resistance. Along the same line, galactinol, which was recently pointed out as a signaling component of the induced systemic resistance mechanism in plants (Kim et al, 2008), showed a massive decrease in SN1-silenced plants. When assaying the effect of crude leaf protein extracts on the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, overexpressing SN1 lines were able to reduce fungal growth, whereas extracts of the silenced lines did not exhibit any inhibitory activity.…”

Section: Sn1 Affects Leaf Primary Metabolism and Cell Wall Compositionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Potato Snakin-1 Gene Silencing Affects Cell Division, Primary Metabolism, and Cell Wall Composition

et al. 2011

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Snakin-1 (SN1) is an antimicrobial cysteine-rich peptide isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) that was classified as a member of the Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis protein family. In this work, a transgenic approach was used to study the role of SN1 in planta. Even when overexpressing SN1, potato lines did not show remarkable morphological differences from the wild type; SN1 silencing resulted in reduced height, which was accompanied by an overall reduction in leaf size and severe alterations of leaf shape. Analysis of the adaxial epidermis of mature leaves revealed that silenced lines had 70% to 90% increases in mean cell size with respect to wild-type leaves. Consequently, the number of epidermal cells was significantly reduced in these lines. Confocal microscopy analysis after agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that SN1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was localized in plasma membrane, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that SN1 self-interacted in vivo. We further focused our study on leaf metabolism by applying a combination of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and spectrophotometric techniques. These targeted analyses allowed a detailed examination of the changes occurring in 46 intermediate compounds from primary metabolic pathways and in seven cell wall constituents. We demonstrated that SN1 silencing affects cell division, leaf primary metabolism, and cell wall composition in potato plants, suggesting that SN1 has additional roles in growth and development beyond its previously assigned role in plant defense.

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Section: Sn1 Affects Leaf Primary Metabolism and Cell Wall Compositionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Potato Snakin-1 Gene Silencing Affects Cell Division, Primary Metabolism, and Cell Wall Composition

et al. 2011

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“…This finding suggests that ROS are generated in response to TRV. Furthermore, galactinol and probably also raffinose are involved as signals to trigger plant immunity under pathogen attack (Kim et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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During compatible virus infections, plants respond by reprogramming gene expression and metabolite content. While gene expression studies are profuse, our knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur in the presence of the virus is limited. Here, we combine gene expression and metabolite profiling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) infected with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in order to investigate the influence of primary metabolism on virus infection. Our results revealed that primary metabolism is reconfigured in many ways during TRV infection, as reflected by significant changes in the levels of sugars and amino acids. Multivariate data analysis revealed that these alterations were particularly conspicuous at the time points of maximal accumulation of TRV, although infection time was the dominant source of variance during the process. Furthermore, TRV caused changes in lipid and fatty acid composition in infected leaves. We found that several Arabidopsis mutants deficient in branched-chain amino acid catabolism or fatty acid metabolism possessed altered susceptibility to TRV. Finally, we showed that increments in the putrescine content in TRV-infected plants correlated with enhanced tolerance to freezing stress in TRV-infected plants and that impairment of putrescine biosynthesis promoted virus multiplication. Our results thus provide an interesting overview for a better understanding of the relationship between primary metabolism and virus infection.

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“…As examples, sucrose induces isoflavonoids synthesis as a defense response against Fusarium oxysporum in lupine (Morkunas et al, 2005). Galactinol stimulates the accumulation of defense-related gene transcripts in tobacco plants, enhances resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Erwinia carotovora and is a signaling component of the induced systemic resistance caused by Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Kim et al, 2008). Trehalose induces PAL and peroxidase activities associated with partial resistance of wheat against powdery mildew (Reignault et al, 2001).…”

Section: Carbohydrates and Plant Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays

Trouvelot

Héloir²,

Poinssot³

et al. 2014

Front. Plant Sci.

279

215

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Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of “PAMP, MAMP, and DAMP (Pathogen-, Microbe-, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) type” oligosaccharides is presented and examples of induced defense events are provided. A particular attention is paid to the structure/activity relationships of these compounds. The role of sugars as signaling molecules, especially in plant microbe interactions, is also presented. Secondly, the potentialities and limits of foliar sprays of carbohydrates to stimulate plant immunity for crop protection against diseases are discussed, with focus on the roles of the leaf cuticle and phyllosphere microflora.

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Galactinol Is a Signaling Component of the Induced Systemic Resistance Caused by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 Root Colonization

Cited by 132 publications

References 52 publications

Potato Snakin-1 Gene Silencing Affects Cell Division, Primary Metabolism, and Cell Wall Composition

Potato Snakin-1 Gene Silencing Affects Cell Division, Primary Metabolism, and Cell Wall Composition

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays

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