Gait profile score and movement analysis profile in patients with Parkinson's disease during concurrent cognitive load

Abstract

Background: Gait disorders are common in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the concurrent performance of motor and cognitive tasks can have marked effects on gait. The Gait Profile Score (GPS) and the Movement Analysis Profile (MAP) were developed in order to summarize the data of kinematics and facilitate understanding of the results of gait analysis. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the GPS and MAP in the quantification of changes in gait during a concurrent cognitive load while walking in adults with and without PD. Method: Fourteen patients with idiopathic PD and nine healthy subjects participated in the study. All subjects performed single and dual walking tasks. The GPS/MAP was computed from three-dimensional gait analysis data. Results: Differences were found between tasks for GPS (P<0.05) and Gait Variable Score (GVS) (pelvic rotation, knee flexion-extension and ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion) (P<0.05) in the PD group. An interaction between task and group was observed for GPS (P<0.01) for the right side (Cohen's ¯d=0.99), left side (Cohen's ¯d=0.91), and overall (Cohen's ¯d=0.88). No interaction was observed only for hip internal-external rotation and foot internal-external progression GVS variables in the PD group. Conclusions: The results showed gait impairment during the dual task and suggest that GPS/MAP may be used to evaluate the effects of concurrent cognitive load while walking in patients with PD.

Impacto da doença de Parkinson na performance do equilíbrio em diferentes demandas atencionais

“…However, the ability to perform such tasks simultaneously is limited in patients with PD 25 . The gait, for example, by having a rhythmic and automatic behavior, is generated mainly by subcortical systems, which makes it be carried out without great attentional demand.…”

Effects of Physical Rehabilitation Integrated with Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Spatio-Temporal and Kinematic Parameters of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

“…These concise measures of gait quality were recently proposed by Baker et al ( 37 ) as a simplification of the GDI approach previously formulated by Schwartz and Rozumalski ( 32 ): in fact, using GPS instead of GDI has some advantages, such as the reduced set of parameters considered (9 vs. 15) and the fact that GPS can be decomposed into individual joint and plane scores (GVS). This approach was found effective in characterizing gait alterations in individuals with PD ( 38 , 39 ) as well as in those affected by other neurological and non-neurological diseases, thus demonstrating general validity and a broad spectrum of applications ( 40 – 42 ). Specifically, the GVS represents the root mean square (RMS) difference between the tested subject’s curve for a certain movement (e.g., knee flexion–extension) and a reference curve calculated as the mean value of tests performed on the unaffected subjects.…”

Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) and Motor Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: New Frontiers in Assessment and Intervention Protocols

“…In another study by the same researchers [99], the GPS was employed to assess changes in gait kinematics in patients with PD when a concurrent cognitive task was added. They found that the GPS value increased under dual task conditions, thus indicating a significant alteration of gait pattern.…”