Gait characteristics of children with Williams syndrome with impaired visuospatial recognition: a three-dimensional gait analysis study

Ito, Yuji; Ito, Tadashi; Kurahashi, N.; Ochi, Nobuhiko; Noritake, Koji; Sugiura, Hideshi; Mizuno, Seiji; Kidokoro, Hiroyuki; Natsume, Jun; Nakamura, Miho

doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05946-0

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…6 Step length variability was calculated using coefficients of variation (standard deviation/mean value × 100) of the step length. 22 Static balance function was measured using the single leg stance test, as per the methods of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition. Single leg stance is quantified as the time (s) for which a child can remain standing on one leg, with eyes open.…”

Section: Assessment Of Physical Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased walking efficiency in elementary school children with developmental coordination disorder trait

et al. 2023

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Objective To compare walking efficiency, and associated physical function, between children, with and without developmental coordination disorder trait. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting The study was conducted in a Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities in Okazaki, Japan. Subjects The study included 286 children, 6–12 years of age, with and without developmental coordination disorder trait. Developmental coordination disorder trait was defined by a score below the −1 standard deviation on the Japanese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Based on this criterion, 45 children (28 boys) were classified into the developmental coordination disorder trait group and the other 241 (115 boys) in the control group. Measures The following physical function outcomes were measured: single leg stance test; step length variability; and walking efficiency, measured using the 2-min walk test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between developmental coordination disorder trait and lower walking efficiency and physical function. Results Compared to the control group, the developmental coordination disorder group showed lower walking efficiency ( P = 0.026), higher step length variability ( P = 0.047), and shorter single leg stance test ( P = 0.001). Developmental coordination disorder was independently associated with walking efficiency (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.061; P = 0.041) and single leg stance test (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.978–0.996; P = 0.006), but not to step length variability, age, and sex. Conclusions Lower walking efficiency increases energy expenditure in children with developmental coordination disorder trait. Interventions to improve walking efficiency could improve the physical function and participation of these children.

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Section: Assessment Of Physical Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased walking efficiency in elementary school children with developmental coordination disorder trait

et al. 2023

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“…The GDI has been used as an outcome measure to study gait in several conditions such as: CP ( Schwartz and Rozumalski, 2008 ; Molloy et al, 2010 ; Cimolin et al, 2011 ; Sagawa et al, 2013 ; Massaad et al, 2014 ; Wilson et al, 2015 ; Malt et al, 2016 ; Ito et al, 2019 ; Rasmussen et al, 2019 ), post-stroke hemiparetic gait ( Correa et al, 2017 ; Guzik and Drużbicki, 2020 ), Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( Sienko Thomas et al, 2010 ), Parkinson’s disease ( Galli et al, 2012 ; Speciali et al, 2013 ), arthritis ( Broström et al, 2013 ; Esbjörnsson et al, 2014 ; Rosenlund et al, 2016 ; Kobsar et al, 2019 ; Bazarnik-Mucha et al, 2020 ), lower limb amputations ( Eshraghi et al, 2014 ; Kark et al, 2016 ), degenerative spinal pathologies ( Mar et al, 2019 ; Trivedi et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ), diverse genetic ( Ito et al, 2020 ; Mindler et al, 2020 ) and congenital disorders ( Eriksson et al, 2015 ; Garman et al, 2019 ), and even the effect of the COVID-19 on physical function ( Ito et al, 2021 ), among others. A recently published article by Hwang et al (2021) used the GDI as a way to quantify and characterize gait patterns in ambulatory children and adolescents with transverse myelitis, whose gait showed moderate kinematic deviations from normal gait pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Gait Deviation Index to Study Gait Impairment in Adult Population With Spinal Cord Injury: Comparison With the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury Levels

Sinovas-Alonso

Herrera-Valenzuela

Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) is a multivariate measure of overall gait pathology based on 15 gait features derived from three-dimensional (3D) kinematic data. GDI aims at providing a comprehensive, easy to interpret, and clinically meaningful metric of overall gait function. It has been used as an outcome measure to study gait in several conditions: cerebral palsy (CP), post-stroke hemiparetic gait, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson’s disease, among others. Nevertheless, its use in population with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of the GDI to SCI through the assessment of the relationship of the GDI with the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) II. 3D gait kinematics of 34 patients with incomplete SCI (iSCI) was obtained. Besides, 3D gait kinematics of a sample of 50 healthy volunteers (HV) was also gathered with Codamotion motion capture system. A total of 302 (iSCI) and 446 (HV) strides were collected. GDI was calculated for each stride and grouped for each WISCI II level. HV data were analyzed as an additional set. Normal distribution for each group was assessed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Afterward, ANOVA tests were performed between each pair of WISCI II levels to identify differences among groups (p < 0.05). The results showed that the GDI was normally distributed across all WISCI II levels in both iSCI and HV groups. Furthermore, our results showed an increasing relationship between the GDI values and WISCI II levels in subjects with iSCI, but only discriminative in WISCI II levels 13, 19, and 20. The index successfully distinguished HV group from all the individuals with iSCI. Findings of this study indicated that the GDI is not an appropriate multivariate walking metric to represent the deviation of gait pattern in adult population with iSCI from a normal gait profile when it is compared with the levels of walking impairment described by the WISCI II. Future work should aim at defining and validating an overall gait index derived from 3D kinematic gait variables appropriate for SCI, additionally taking into account other walking ability outcome measures.

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“…Ever since, that 15-feature basis originally developed from data of children with CP has been widely used to calculate the GDI across different conditions, including post-stroke hemiparetic gait ( Correa et al, 2017 ; Guzik and Drużbicki, 2020 ), Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( Sienko Thomas et al, 2010 ), Parkinson’s disease ( Galli et al, 2012 ; Speciali et al, 2013 ), arthritis ( Broström et al, 2013 ; Esbjörnsson et al, 2014 ; Kobsar et al, 2019 ; Bazarnik-Mucha et al, 2020 ), lower limb amputations ( Eshraghi et al, 2014 ; Kark et al, 2016 ), degenerative spinal pathologies ( Mar et al, 2019 ; Trivedi et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ), genetic disorders ( Ito et al, 2020 ; Mindler et al, 2020 ), congenital disorders ( Eriksson et al, 2015 ; Garman et al, 2019 ), the effect of the Covid-19 on physical function ( Ito et al, 2021 ), and mostly in CP ( Schwartz and Rozumalski, 2008 ; Molloy et al, 2010 ; Cimolin et al, 2011 ; Sagawa et al, 2013 ; Massaad et al, 2014 ; Wilson et al, 2015 ; Malt et al, 2016 ; Ito et al, 2019 ; Rasmussen et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of the Gait Deviation Index for Spinal Cord Injury

Herrera-Valenzuela

Sinovas-Alonso

Moreno

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) is a dimensionless multivariate measure of overall gait pathology represented as a single score that indicates the gait deviation from a normal gait average. It is calculated using kinematic data recorded during a three-dimensional gait analysis and an orthonormal vectorial basis with 15 gait features that was originally obtained using singular value decomposition and feature analysis on a dataset of children with cerebral palsy. Ever since, it has been used as an outcome measure to study gait in several conditions, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, the validity of implementing the GDI in a population with SCI has not been studied yet. We investigate the application of these mathematical methods to derive a similar metric but with a dataset of adults with SCI (SCI-GDI). The new SCI-GDI is compared with the original GDI to evaluate their differences and assess the need for a specific GDI for SCI and with the WISCI II to evaluate its sensibility. Our findings show that a 21-feature basis is necessary to account for most of the variance in gait patterns in the SCI population and to provide high-quality reconstructions of the gait curves included in the dataset and in foreign data. Furthermore, using only the first 15 features of our SCI basis, the fidelity of the reconstructions obtained in our population is higher than that when using the basis of the original GDI. The results showed that the SCI-GDI discriminates most levels of the WISCI II scale, except for levels 12 and 18. Statistically significant differences were found between both indexes within each WISCI II level except for 12, 20, and the control group (p < 0.05). In all levels, the average GDI value was greater than the average SCI-GDI value, but the difference between both indexes is larger in data with greater impairment and it reduces progressively toward a normal gait pattern. In conclusion, the implementation of the original GDI in SCI may lead to overestimation of gait function, and our new SCI-GDI is more sensitive to larger gait impairment than the GDI. Further validation of the SCI-GDI with other scales validated in SCI is needed.

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Gait characteristics of children with Williams syndrome with impaired visuospatial recognition: a three-dimensional gait analysis study

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Decreased walking efficiency in elementary school children with developmental coordination disorder trait

Decreased walking efficiency in elementary school children with developmental coordination disorder trait

Application of the Gait Deviation Index to Study Gait Impairment in Adult Population With Spinal Cord Injury: Comparison With the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury Levels

Derivation of the Gait Deviation Index for Spinal Cord Injury

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