Gaining insights on immune responses to the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 and therapeutic challenges

Hajivalili, Mahsa; Hosseini, Maryam Sadat; Haji-Fatahaliha, Mostafa

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118058

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…This technique revealed normal frequencies of total leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophil blood counts in PE patients at admission ( Table 1 ). However, among the T cells, the frequencies of CD8 + T cells, important effectors of early antiviral immunity [ 7 ], were increased, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs), which control immune responses including CD8 + T cells [ [8] , [9] , [10] ], and monocytes, which have been reported to accumulate at sites of Covid-19 infection and simultaneously disappear from the circulation [ 11 ], were less frequent in PE patients ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters predicting COVID-19-induced myocardial injury and mortality

et al. 2020

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Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 affect many organs, including the heart. Cardiovascular disease is a dominant comorbidity and prognostic factors predicting risk for critical courses are highly needed. Moreover, immunomechanisms underlying COVID-induced myocardial damage are poorly understood. Objective To elucidate prognostic markers to identify patients at risk. Results Only patients with pericardial effusion (PE) developed a severe disease course, and those who died could be identified by a high CD8/Treg/monocyte ratio. Ten out of 19 COVID-19 patients presented with PE, 7 (78%) of these had elevated APACHE-II mortality risk-score, requiring mechanical ventilation. At admission, PE patients showed signs of systemic and cardiac inflammation in NMR and impaired cardiac function as detected by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), whereas parameters of myocardial injury e.g. high sensitive troponin-t (hs-TnT) were not yet increased. During the course of disease, hs-TnT rose in 8 of the PE-patients above 16 ng/l, 7 had to undergo ventilatory therapy and 4 of them died. FACS at admission showed in PE patients elevated frequencies of CD3 + CD8 + T cells among all CD3+ T-cells, and lower frequencies of Tregs and CD14 + HLA − DR + -monocytes. A high CD8/Treg/monocyte ratio predicted a severe disease course in PE patients, and was associated with high serum levels of antiviral cytokines. By contrast, patients without PE and PE patients with a low CD8/Treg/monocyte ratio neither had to be intubated, nor died. Conclusions PE predicts cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, TTE should be performed at admission. Immunological parameters for dysfunctional antiviral immunity, such as the CD8/Treg/monocyte ratio used here, supports risk assessment by predicting poor prognosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters predicting COVID-19-induced myocardial injury and mortality

et al. 2020

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“…Lymphocyte counts seem to be directly correlated with disease severity and mortality. The reason for lymphopenia might partially be attributed to the injured lymphatic organs expressing ACE2 receptors (Hajivalili et al, 2020;Lega et al, 2020).…”

Section: Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible and Herbal Plants for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic spreading throughout the world. Unfortunately, due to the high infectiousness of the novel β-coronavirus, it is very likely to become an ordinary epidemic. The development of dietary supplements and functional foods might provide a strategy for the prevention and management of COVID-19.Scope and Approach: A great diversity of potential edible and medicinal plants and/or natural compounds showed potential benefits in managing SARS, which may also combat COVID-19. Moreover, many plants and compounds have currently been proposed to be protective against COVID-19. This information is based on data-driven approaches and computational chemical biology techniques. In this study, we review promising candidates of edible and medicinal plants for the prevention and management of COVID-19. We primarily focus on analyzing their underlying mechanisms. We aim to identify dietary supplements and functional foods that assist in managing this epidemic.Key findings and Conclusion: We infer that acetoside, glyasperin, isorhamnetin, and several flavonoid compounds may prevent and/or be effective in managing COVID-19 by targeting the viral infection, reducing the host cytokine storm, regulating the immune response, and providing organ protection. These bioactive dietary components (used either alone or in combination) might assist in the development of dietary supplements or functional foods for managing COVID-19.

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“…The coronavirus disease rapidly spread to other areas in China and other countries (Hajivalili et al, 2020;World Health Organization, 2020) since its outbreak in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 has triggered a global health crisis and is a major public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) all over the world, which not only threatens the lives of people but also affects their mental health (World Health Organization, 2005Zhong et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current research has shown that during the pandemic, the mental health of college students has been affected to some extent, and the number of students with negative emotions and psychological problems has increased (Khan et al, 2020), revealing the possible mental health impact of COVID-19 on them. Hence, we hypothesized that (Hajivalili et al, 2020) COVID-19 would have adverse effects on the mental health of college students (World Health Organization, 2020). The prevalence of these mental health issues would be affected by nations, gender, and the survey date, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wang

Ya-lin³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

219

163

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BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been spreading and brought unprecedented psychological pressure on people across the entire globe since December 2019.ObjectivesTo synthesize the existing evidence of the prevalence of mental health status during the epidemic and provide the basis for mental health education.Materials and methodsThe literature search was conducted in nine databases from December 2019 to October 2020. The risk of bias for each study was assessed, and the random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42020208619.ResultsAbout 27 studies were included in the analysis with a total of 706,415 participants combined, and 14 mental health problems were gathered. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of depression was 39% (95% CI: 27–51%) and that of anxiety was 36% (95% CI: 26–46%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of depression and anxiety varied among nations and due to the survey date. The prevalence of depression (60%, 95% CI: 46–74%) and anxiety (60%, 95% CI: 46–74%) in non-Chinese college students was higher than those in Chinese college students (26%, 95% CI: 21–30% and 20%, 95% CI: 14–26%). The proportion of depression (54%, 95% CI: 40–67%) and anxiety (37%, 95% CI: 26–48%) was higher after March 1 than before it (21%, 95% CI: 16–25% and 19%, 95% CI: 13–25%).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis results presented that the prevalence of depression (39%) or anxiety (36%) among college students greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the mental health of college students is affected by the nations and the survey date. It was necessary to take measures to reduce mental health risks during the pandemic.

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Gaining insights on immune responses to the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 and therapeutic challenges

Cited by 12 publications

References 139 publications

Parameters predicting COVID-19-induced myocardial injury and mortality

Parameters predicting COVID-19-induced myocardial injury and mortality

Edible and Herbal Plants for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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